Multiple Choice Questions

Phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry
  • Cladistics
  • Phylogeny
  • Homplasties
  • Homologies
The science of how organisms are named
  • Taxon (pl. Taxa)
  • Homologies
  • Phylogeny
  • Taxonomy
Bacteria and Archaea
  • Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
  • Which of these are homologous structures?
  • A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
  • A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
When similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar adaptations in organisms from different evolutionary lineages
  • Molecular Clock
  • Basal Taxon
  • Shared Derived Character
  • Convergent Evolution
They are sedentary.
  • In the two-kingdom system, why were fungi classified in the kingdom Plantae?
  • In the five-kingdom system, which kingdom consists primarily of unicellular eukaryotes?
  • A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
  • A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
The two-part format of the scientific name
  • Phylogeny
  • Binomial
  • Homplasties
  • Sister Taxa
class
  • What process actually increases the number of genes in an organism's genome?
  • Which of these are homologous structures?
  • Animals that possess homologous structures probably __________.
  • Which of the following taxonomic categories contains all the others listed here?
monophyletic
  • By definition a clade is __________.
  • What process actually increases the number of genes in an organism's genome?
  • Which of these are homologous structures?
  • A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
Many genes that affect metabolism in yeast are more similar to bacterial than archaeal genes.
  • Which process occurred frequently in the early history of the three domains on Earth and makes determining phylogenetic relationships of that time difficult?
  • This tree was constructed by comparing sequences of homologs of a gene that plays a role in development; Drosophila was used as an outgroup. The branch lengths are proportional to the amount of genetic change in each lineage; varying branch lengths indicate that the gene has evolved at different rates in different lineages.In which vertebrate lineage has the studied gene evolved most rapidly?
  • Which observation suggests that eukaryotes may share a more recent common ancestor with bacteria than with archaea?
  • Systematists have used a wide variety of traits to reconstruct the phylogenies of particular groups of organisms. Which one of the following traits produces good estimates of phylogeny?
Protista
  • Outgroup
  • Hierarchal Classification
  • In the five-kingdom system, which kingdom consists primarily of unicellular eukaryotes?
  • Polyphyletic group
The evolutionary history of a species or a group of species
  • Phylogeny
  • Homologies
  • Taxonomy
  • Shared Derived Character
Groups of organisms that share an immediate ancestor
  • Basal Taxon
  • Branch Points
  • Sister Taxa
  • Phylogeny
Species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage before the lineage includes the species we are studying (ingroup)
  • Rooted
  • Sister Taxa
  • Phylogeny
  • Outgroup
Second part of the binomial
  • Molecular Clock
  • Specific Epithet
  • Binomial
  • Sister Taxa
The term "monophyletic" refers to a taxon that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants.
  • Systematists have used a wide variety of traits to reconstruct the phylogenies of particular groups of organisms. Which one of the following traits produces good estimates of phylogeny?
  • This phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing sequences for a homologous gene involved in development. Select the correct statement.
  • Phylogeny
  • Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of related groups of organisms. Organisms are grouped into taxa based on homologous characteristics, shared traits that result from common ancestry. Which statement is true?
A character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon
  • Shared Derived Character
  • Shared Ancestral Character
  • Basal Taxon
  • Phylogenetic Tree
Groups that include an ancestral species and all of its descendants
  • Homplasties
  • Cladistics
  • Branch Points
  • Clades
Refers to the lineage that diverges early in the history of a group and lies on a branch that originates near the common ancestor of the group
  • Sister Taxa
  • Phylogenetic Tree
  • Outgroup
  • Basal Taxon
Common ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms
  • Branch Points
  • Clades
  • Cladistics
  • Homplasties
on average, neutral mutations arise at a constant rate
  • Molecular Clock
  • Molecular clocks are based on the idea that __________.
  • A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
  • Animals that possess homologous structures probably __________.
shared ancestral character
  • Animals that possess homologous structures probably __________.
  • Specific Epithet
  • This phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing sequences for a homologous gene involved in development. Select the correct statement.
  • Fossil evidence indicates that some dinosaurs had feathers. If birds are indeed descended from dinosaurs, feathers are what kind of character?
Ivy leaf and pine needle
  • Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
  • Which process occurred frequently in the early history of the three domains on Earth and makes determining phylogenetic relationships of that time difficult?
  • Which of the following taxonomic categories contains all the others listed here?
  • Which of these are homologous structures?
Eukarya ... Plantae
  • A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
  • Animals that possess homologous structures probably __________.
  • Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
  • A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
Consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants
  • Outgroup
  • Paraphyletic group
  • Monophyletic group
  • Phylogenetic Tree
Includes taxa from different ancestors
  • In the two-kingdom system, why were fungi classified in the kingdom Plantae?
  • Polyphyletic group
  • In the five-kingdom system, which kingdom consists primarily of unicellular eukaryotes?
  • Phylogenetic Tree
Phylogenetic trees may expand quickly to maximum width and then narrow over time.
  • Select the correct statement about phylogenetic trees.
  • Principle of Maximum Parsimony
  • Animals that possess homologous structures probably __________.
  • Molecular clocks are based on the idea that __________.
Constructing a phylogeny that is due to convergent evolution rather than shared ancestry
  • Phylogeny
  • Analogy
  • Branch Points
  • Taxonomy
The nucleotide sequence of this gene in a mouse is more similar to the sequence in a chicken, and both are less similar to the nucleotide sequence of this gene in a frog.
  • Phylogeny
  • Which process occurred frequently in the early history of the three domains on Earth and makes determining phylogenetic relationships of that time difficult?
  • This phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing sequences for a homologous gene involved in development. Select the correct statement.
  • Fossil evidence indicates that some dinosaurs had feathers. If birds are indeed descended from dinosaurs, feathers are what kind of character?
one
  • Shared Derived Character
  • There is(are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s).
  • Which of these are homologous structures?
  • By definition a clade is __________.
ZebrafishOf the five vertebrate lineages shown, the zebrafish branch is the longest.
  • This tree was constructed by comparing sequences of homologs of a gene that plays a role in development; Drosophila was used as an outgroup. The branch lengths are proportional to the amount of genetic change in each lineage; varying branch lengths indicate that the gene has evolved at different rates in different lineages.In which vertebrate lineage has the studied gene evolved most rapidly?
  • This phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing sequences for a homologous gene involved in development. Select the correct statement.
  • Rooted
  • Systematists have used a wide variety of traits to reconstruct the phylogenies of particular groups of organisms. Which one of the following traits produces good estimates of phylogeny?
An evolutionary novelty unique to a clade*mammals having hair
  • Shared Derived Character
  • Phylogeny
  • Convergent Evolution
  • Shared Ancestral Character
An approach for measuring the absolute time of evolutionary change based on the observations that some genes and other regions of genomes appear to evolve at constant rate.
  • Phylogenetic Tree
  • Taxonomy
  • Convergent Evolution
  • Molecular Clock
A branch point within the tree represents the most common ancestor of all the taxa in the tree
  • Rooted
  • Phylogeny
  • Outgroup
  • Sister Taxa
We should first investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts
  • Taxon (pl. Taxa)
  • Principle of Maximum Parsimony
  • Branch Points
  • Select the correct statement about phylogenetic trees.
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Multiple Choice Questions
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