Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when _____.
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
  • meiosis followed by a doubling of the chromosomes in eggs
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
  • a species is in stable and favorable environments
The fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment involves _____.
  • sexual reproduction
  • prophase I is occurring
  • In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
  • occurs before meiosis I begins
Hexaploid wheat was produced synthetically by He and co-workers. They mated the diploid species, Aegilops tauschii, and the tetraploid species, T. turgidum. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relative contribution of each parent to the genome of the hexaploid offspring?
  • enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species
  • Aegilops tauschii contributed two sets of chromosomes, and T. turgidum contributed four sets of chromosomes.
  • Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
  • Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans.
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated during _____.
  • prophase I is occurring
  • synapsis of chromosomes
  • meiosis I
  • anaphase I
Centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles in meiosis _____.
  • sexual reproduction
  • anaphase II
  • meiosis I only
  • Anaphase I
Asexual reproduction occurs during _____.
  • mitosis
  • meiosis I
  • mitosis and meiosis II
  • Anaphase I
What makes sexually reproduced offspring genetically different from their parents?
  • genetic recombination during meiosis
  • occurs before meiosis I begins
  • Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
  • Diploid cells form haploid cells.
How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis
  • It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
  • enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species
  • haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids
  • half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
Which of the following can occur by the process of meiosis but not mitosis?
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
  • synapsis of chromosomes
  • In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
  • Diploid cells form haploid cells.
Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during _____.
  • the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
  • meiosis I only
  • mitosis and meiosis II
  • meiosis I
Sexual reproduction _____.
  • can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment
  • In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
  • Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I.
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
Homologous pairs of chromosomes align opposite of each other at the equator of a cell during _____.
  • meiosis metaphase I
  • meiosis I only
  • fertilization
  • mitosis and meiosis II
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is _____.
  • half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
  • a species is in stable and favorable environments
  • It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
  • haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids
For the duration of meiosis I, each chromosome _____.
  • consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
  • be removed before sister chromatids can separate
  • prophase I is occurring
Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because _____.
  • the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
  • sexual reproduction
  • asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations on to their offspring
  • In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
Which of these statements is correct?
  • synapsis of chromosomes
  • one human somatic cell
  • At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce haploid gametes by meiosis.
  • In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
A triploid cell contains sets of three homologous chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following?
  • occurs before meiosis I begins
  • Clone the plant.
  • is unable to undergo normal meiosis
  • 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
When we first see chiasmata under a microscope, we know that _____.
  • synapsis of chromosomes
  • prophase I is occurring
  • one human somatic cell
  • anaphase II
All individuals of a particular species of whiptail lizards are females. Their reproductive efforts depend on _____.
  • Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans.
  • meiosis metaphase I
  • meiosis I only
  • meiosis followed by a doubling of the chromosomes in eggs
The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?
  • crossing over and independent assortment
  • either anaphase I or II
  • mixes up alleles contributing to variation in a species
  • meiosis metaphase I
If a cell has completed meiosis I and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?
  • half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
  • Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
  • It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations. Since the rotifers develop from eggs, but asexually, what can you predict?
  • The mother most likely underwent nondisjunction during gamete production.
  • nondisjunction in the mother
  • No fertile males can be found.
  • occurs before meiosis I begins
What phase of meiosis is seen in the figure above?
nTmk3mOYs3gHzZSABR3y7g_m.jpg
  • karyotyping
  • synapsis of chromosomes
  • Anaphase I
  • meiosis I
When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?
  • anaphase I
  • synapsis of chromosomes
  • either anaphase I or II
  • late prophase of meiosis I
What is the most common source of the extra chromosome 21 in an individual with Down syndrome?
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
  • nondisjunction in the mother
  • The mother most likely underwent nondisjunction during gamete production.
Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
  • Diploid cells form haploid cells.
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
  • Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
  • synapsis of chromosomes
Plants produce more seeds when they reproduce asexually than sexually. Yet most plants reproduce sexually in nature. What is the probable explanation for the prevalence of sexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction _____.
  • 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
  • mixes up alleles contributing to variation in a species
  • crossing over and independent assortment
  • Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans.
Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must _____.
  • It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
  • be removed before sister chromatids can separate
  • genetic recombination during meiosis
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?
  • two
  • Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans.
  • asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations on to their offspring
  • half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
  • genetic recombination during meiosis
  • Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
  • Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I.
Quaking aspen can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?
  • two
  • 16
  • 38
  • 26
The chromosome number of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum, can be represented as _____.
  • In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
  • 6n
  • karyotyping
In the snail Pomacea patula catemacensis, n =What is the diploid number for this organism?
  • 38
  • 6n
  • 16
  • 26
When does DNA replication take place regarding meiosis? DNA replication _____.
  • genetic recombination during meiosis
  • occurs before meiosis I begins
  • prophase I is occurring
  • sexual reproduction
Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
  • Diploid cells form haploid cells.
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
  • Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
The bulldog ant has a diploid number of two chromosomes. Therefore, following meiosis, each daughter cell will have a single chromosome. Diversity in this species may be generated by mutations and _____.
  • mixes up alleles contributing to variation in a species
  • crossing over and independent assortment
  • 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
  • Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans.
A triploid individual _____.
  • 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
  • occurs before meiosis I begins
  • is unable to undergo normal meiosis
  • Diploid cells form haploid cells.
For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?
  • fertilization
  • about 8 million
  • meiosis metaphase I
  • anaphase II
If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?
  • fertilization
  • length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes
  • Clone the plant.
  • crossing over and independent assortment
Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of _____.
  • At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce haploid gametes by meiosis.
  • Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I.
  • the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
  • haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids
Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?
  • In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
  • Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
  • increased success of progeny in a stable environment.
  • an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
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