What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
  • hydrogen
  • nucleotide
  • phenotype
  • translation
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases is guanine?
  • 30%
  • one
  • exons
  • DNA
The DNA polynucleotide structure contains which one of the following?
  • adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
  • a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
  • the production of a longer RNA molecule
What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
  • translation
  • exons
  • DNA
  • hydrogen
How many amino acids are common to all living systems?
  • three
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
  • 20
  • 30%
Early geneticists wondered how only four nucleotides can specify the sequence of 20 amino acids in proteins. They hypothesized that there must be a code that linked the nucleotide sequence in a gene to the amino acid sequence in a protein. Each nucleotide code is called a codon. Today we know that there is a genetic code in which __________nucleotide(s) code(s) for each amino acid.
  • DNA
  • her egg cells
  • 30%
  • 3
The information carried by a DNA molecule is in __________.
  • a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
  • A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
  • the order of the nucleotides in the molecule
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
Which of the following would indicate a base pairing mutation in DNA?
  • a G paired with a T
  • mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome.
  • thymine
  • mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing.
Which one of the following does not play a role in translation?
  • thymine
  • RNA polymerase
  • hydrogen
  • DNA
While working with cultured mouse cells, a researcher unknowingly treated the cells with a mutagen that causes the deletion or insertion of individual nucleotides in DNA. Subsequently, the researcher isolated and cultured a single cell from this group and noticed that the progeny of this cell were not producing a certain protein and that this affected their survival.The researcher isolated a different single cell and determined that it was producing a certain protein. However, the protein was much shorter than it should have been. What kind of mutation likely occurred in this protein?
  • one that introduced a premature stop codon
  • Both are composed of nucleotides.
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
  • single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAGSubmit
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?
  • a G paired with a T
  • translation
  • mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing.
  • RNA polymerase
RNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only in DNA.
  • result in a shortened polypeptide chain
  • uracil... thymine
  • RNA... a polypeptide
  • extra nucleotides
How do mutations affect an organism?
  • Both are composed of nucleotides.
  • three
  • RNA polymerase starts when the enzyme attaches to a specific nucleotide sequence called a promoter at the beginning of a gene.
  • they may cause the development of a disease-causing allelethey may cause the development of a more beneficial allelethey, in some cases, may have no noticeable affect
What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?
  • DNA
  • one
  • translation
  • exons
The anticodon of an incoming _____ molecule, carrying its amino acid, pairs with the mRNA _____ at the ribosome.
  • introns ... exons
  • uracil... thymine
  • 1' ... 5'
  • tRNA ... codon
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
  • single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAGSubmit
  • 30%
  • CAGGTA
  • translation
Peptide bonds form between ________.
  • cytoplasm
  • 5' to 3'
  • translation
  • amino acids
RNA processing involves the addition of ________ to the ends of the RNA transcript.
  • extra nucleotides
  • tRNA ... codon
  • a G paired with a T
  • translation
A mutation is __________.
  • manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
  • a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNASubmit
  • mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome.
  • ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm.
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
  • thymine
  • three
  • hydrogen
  • nucleotide
The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ________.
  • single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAGSubmit
  • ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm.
  • the production of a longer RNA molecule
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ________.
  • result in a shortened polypeptide chain
  • single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAGSubmit
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
  • adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
Where is translation accomplished?
  • RNA polymerase
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • amino acids
The RNA segments spliced to one another during RNA processing are _____.
  • thymine
  • phenotype
  • exons
  • DNA
What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?
  • all life shares a common ancestrySubmit
  • a cap and tail
  • the order of the nucleotides in the molecule
  • phenotype
The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ________.
  • all life shares a common ancestrySubmit
  • adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
  • the production of a longer RNA molecule
The backbone of DNA consists of ________.
  • adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
  • the production of a longer RNA molecule
  • a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
  • from DNA to RNA to proteinSubmit
What do DNA and RNA have in common?
  • mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome.
  • ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm.
  • they may cause the development of a disease-causing allelethey may cause the development of a more beneficial allelethey, in some cases, may have no noticeable affect
  • Both are composed of nucleotides.
After replication, ______.
  • each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strandSubmit
  • ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm.
  • manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
  • A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
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