Multiple Choice Questions

How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?
  • first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
  • Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.
  • by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
  • secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone
Most type 2 diabetics do NOT produce insulin. T/F
  • True
  • False
Which hormone aids in water resorption?
  • synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
  • Prolactin
  • lipid-soluble. Hormones that are lipid-soluble can dissolve through the plasma membrane.
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb water.
A man has been told that he is NOT synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.
  • FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
  • humoral stimulation
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • inhibition of calcitonin synthesis
Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
  • neurons becoming more excitable and producing tingling sensations
  • Insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells.
Cushing's Disease
  • Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex.
  • Hypersecretion of growth hormone.
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults
Cyclic AMP is degraded by __________.
  • secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone
  • neurons becoming more excitable and producing tingling sensations
  • Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.
  • phosphodiesterase. Phosphodiesterase degrades cyclic AMP into AMP.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ________.
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • functions to increase sodium reabsorption
  • first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
  • secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone
Addison's disease is usually due to an insufficient output of glucocorticoids only. T/F
  • True
  • False
Aldosteronism will cause ______.
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • Hyposecretion of the thyroid in infants.
  • decreased secretion of renin
  • functions to increase sodium reabsorption
Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ________.
  • aldosterone
  • Thymus gland
  • cortisol
  • Glucagon
Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon?
  • synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • A drop in blood pressure is sensed in the kidney.
  • feedback
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is NOT a true endocrine gland because ________.
  • it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
  • lipid-soluble. Hormones that are lipid-soluble can dissolve through the plasma membrane.
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
  • cAMP in the cytoplasm. Many cAMP can be generated as a second messenger to amplify the signal in response to hormone binding.
Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb water.
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload.
  • neurons becoming more excitable and producing tingling sensations
  • enzymatic
The major targets of growth hormone are ________.
  • synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
  • Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.
  • first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
  • bones and skeletal muscles
Which testicular cell organelle is primarily responsible for producing the sex hormone testosterone?
  • Parathyroid
  • runs through the infundibulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
Which of the following is NOT a type of hormone interaction?
  • enzymatic
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • feedback
  • the heart
What property of a hormone would allow it to pass unassisted through a plasma membrane?
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
  • Tropins, or tropic hormones, are hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands.
  • it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
  • lipid-soluble. Hormones that are lipid-soluble can dissolve through the plasma membrane.
The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.
  • parathyroid hormone
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • runs through the infundibulum
  • secretion is inhibited by alcohol
Which of the following glands increases blood calcium levels?
  • Parathyroid
  • aldosterone
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to __________.
  • aldosterone
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle development and estrogen production in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes.
  • plasma membrane receptors. Water-soluble hormones bind to specific receptors in the plasma membrane, whereas steroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic receptors.
  • False
Calcitonin is the main regulator of blood calcium levels. T/F
  • True
  • False
Which hormone is essential to our ability to maintain our fluid levels?
  • aldosterone
  • phosphodiesterase
  • feedback
  • Prolactin
Hypersecretion of what hormone can produce the effects of gigantism in the individual in the center of this image?
  • the heart
  • parathyroid hormone
  • Growth Hormone
  • cortisol.
Myxedema
  • Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex.
  • secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults
Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
  • phosphodiesterase
  • Leptin
  • the heart
  • Parathyroid
What is the name for the type of hormone, secreted by the pituitary that regulates other endocrine organs?
  • lipid-soluble. Hormones that are lipid-soluble can dissolve through the plasma membrane.
  • Tropins, or tropic hormones, are hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands.
  • it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
  • Phosphorylate proteins. Phosphorylation can activate different proteins causing the response of the cell to water-soluble hormone.
Which of the following hormones has a different effect when it is released in males instead of females?
  • A drop in blood pressure is sensed in the kidney.
  • regular cardiovascular exercise. Proper cardiovascular exercise can alleviate symptoms. Many sufferers with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) are sedentary.
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload.
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle development and estrogen production in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes.
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones. T/F
  • True
  • False
Which pancreatic hormone functions to raise blood glucose levels?
  • enzymatic
  • Glucagon
  • aldosterone
  • cortisol.
Which of the following would result from hypoparathyroidism?
  • neurons becoming more excitable and producing tingling sensations
  • Parathyroid
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload.
Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine. T/F
  • True
  • False
As a result of stress the anterior pituitary releases ________, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar, and begin breaking down fats.
  • False
  • True
  • Prolactin
  • ACTH
What gland secretes growth hormone?
  • parathyroid hormone
  • anterior pituitary
  • secretion is inhibited by alcohol
  • bones and skeletal muscles
Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions
  • True
  • False
What hormone, indicated by letter B, is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when we are under stress?
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • runs through the infundibulum
  • inhibition of calcitonin synthesis
  • aldosterone
How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?
  • it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
  • Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.
  • by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
Which enzyme is important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling?
  • Parathyroid
  • the heart
  • aldosterone
  • phosphodiesterase
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ________.
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • secretion is inhibited by alcohol
  • first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
  • anterior pituitary
Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified?
  • enzymatic
  • Synergism
  • Prolactin
  • regular cardiovascular exercise. Proper cardiovascular exercise can alleviate symptoms. Many sufferers with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) are sedentary.
Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.
  • cortisol
  • aldosterone
  • cortisol.
  • Glucagon
At age 85, Lyle's immune system does not respond to vaccines as well as it did when he was younger. The atrophy of which endocrine gland is likely responsible for this?
  • Thymus
  • ACTH
  • True
  • Humoral
The amplification of the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in _______.
  • aldosterone
  • Constantly high blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High amounts of insulin lead to down-regulation of insulin receptors.
  • cAMP in the cytoplasm. Many cAMP can be generated as a second messenger to amplify the signal in response to hormone binding.
  • Tropins, or tropic hormones, are hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands.
Upon landing at the airport in Lagos, Nigeria, Eric feels wide awake even though the local time is 11pm. Which synthetic hormone supplement could he administer to help adjust to the new time zone?
  • aldosterone
  • melatonin
  • Leptin
  • Prolactin
Which of the following is NOT believed to be linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)?
  • enzymatic
  • feedback
  • Insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells.
  • regular cardiovascular exercise. Proper cardiovascular exercise can alleviate symptoms. Many sufferers with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) are sedentary.
The parathyroid glands respond to which type of stimulus?
  • Glucagon
  • enzymatic
  • humoral
  • aldosterone
Aldosterone ________.
  • functions to increase sodium reabsorption
  • first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
  • Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex.
  • Hypersecretion of growth hormone.
What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
  • neurons becoming more excitable and producing tingling sensations
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
  • Insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells.
  • by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin. T/F
  • True
  • False
Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?
  • Leptin
  • Parathyroid
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload.
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle development and estrogen production in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes.
Adult onset diabetes, diabetes type 2, can best be described using which of the following concepts?
  • regular cardiovascular exercise. Proper cardiovascular exercise can alleviate symptoms. Many sufferers with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) are sedentary.
  • it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
  • Constantly high blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High amounts of insulin lead to down-regulation of insulin receptors.
  • Phosphorylate proteins. Phosphorylation can activate different proteins causing the response of the cell to water-soluble hormone.
Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells.
  • Prolactin
  • enzymatic
What allows a cell to respond to a hormone?
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb water.
  • Tropins, or tropic hormones, are hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands.
  • apoptosis of parathyroid cells, failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH (parathyroid hormone/parathormone), malfunction of the parathormone receptors in kidney tubule cells
  • the presence of a specific hormone receptor. Every hormone has a specific receptor that causes as action for that cell.
The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is ________.
  • runs through the infundibulum
  • parathyroid hormone
  • aldosterone
  • humoral stimulation
One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?
  • aldosterone
  • humoral
  • humoral stimulation
  • anterior pituitary
Which of the following is NOT a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?
  • enzymatic
  • inhibition of calcitonin synthesis
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload.
  • a decrease in blood glucose levels
What is the role of activated protein kinases?
  • Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.
  • Phosphorylate proteins. Phosphorylation can activate different proteins causing the response of the cell to water-soluble hormone.
  • apoptosis of parathyroid cells, failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH (parathyroid hormone/parathormone), malfunction of the parathormone receptors in kidney tubule cells
  • antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb water.
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Multiple Choice Questions
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