Multiple Choice Questions

modification of RNA transcripts including splicing out introns, joining together of exons, and alteration of the 5' and 3' ends
  • RNA processing
  • gene expression
  • RNA polymerase
  • Archibald Garrod
the completes assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase bound to a promoter
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  • transcription unit
  • transcription factor
  • transcription initiation complex
  • transcription
the function of a gene is to dictate the production of a specific enzyme
  • transcription factor
  • gene expression
  • one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
  • messenger RNA (mRNA)
the first to suggest that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions in the cell
  • RNA polymerase
  • Tatum and Beadle
  • Archibald Garrod
  • template strand
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
  • In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until...
  • The lack of segregation of DNA in bacteria results in...
  • What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?
  • exceptions to the universiality of the genetic code
DNA is a language shared by all living things that must have been operating very early in the history of life.
  • triplet code
  • RNA vs DNA
  • redundancy of the genetic code
  • universiality of genetic code
Which of these is a tRNA?
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  • B
  • What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?
  • ribosomes
  • transcription
in bacteria, a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene and signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA moleucle and detach from the DNA
  • translation
  • terminator
  • termination
  • elongation
1) DNA is not segregated from ribosomes and the other protein synthesizing equipment, since there is no nucleus in bacteria
  • difference of genetic information flow between bacteria and eukaryotes?
  • bacterial transcription/translation
  • "inborn errors of metabolism"
  • exceptions to the universiality of the genetic code
After RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, the DNA strands unwind, and the polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.
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  • initiation
  • elongation
  • termination
  • terminator
on an mRNA, the triplet grouping of ribonucleotides used by the translation machinery during polypeptide synthesis
  • termination
  • RNA polymerase
  • reading frame
  • Tatum and Beadle
a term coined by Archibald Garrod, refferring to an inheirted disease reflecting a person's inability to make a particular enzyme
  • "inborn errors of metabolism"
  • transcription initiation complex
  • bacterial transcription/translation
  • initiation
The polymerase moves downstream, unwinding the DNA and elongating the RNA transcript 5'-3'. In the wake of transcription, the DNA strands reform a double helix.
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  • initiation
  • elongation
  • translation
  • terminator
the enzyme that pries apart the 2 DNA strands and joins the RNA nucleotides as they base-pair along the DNA template
  • template strand
  • Archibald Garrod
  • RNA polymerase
  • RNA processing
In a bacterial cell, which lacks a nucleus, mRNA produced by transcription is immeadiately translated without additional processing.
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  • terminator
  • eukaryotic translation/transcription
  • "inborn errors of metabolism"
  • bacterial transcription/translation
Eventually, the RNA transcript is released, and the polymerase detaches from the DNA.
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  • elongation
  • termination
  • reading frame
  • translation
P
  • exceptions to the universiality of the genetic code
  • The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
  • The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.
  • The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.
CUG
  • The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.
  • one gene-one polypeptide
  • Genetic information of eukaryotic cells is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the form of _____.
  • The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.
A modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the nucleotide at the 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule
  • initiation
  • 5' cap
  • promoter
  • RNA processing
the carrier of information from DNA to the cell's protein-synthesizing machinery
  • gene expression
  • Marshall Nirenberg
  • messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • template strand
Beadle and Tatum
  • triplet code
  • For each gene, one DNA strand functions as a template for transcription. The base-pairing rules for DNA synthesis also guide transcription, but uracil (U) takes the place of thymine (T) in RNA. During translation, the mRNA is read as a sequence of base triplets, called codons. Each codon specifies an amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain. The mRNA is read in the 5'-3' direction.
  • Who formulated the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis?
  • redundancy of the genetic code
Codons that are synonyms for a particular amino acid differ onlt in the third base of the triplet.
  • universiality of genetic code
  • transcription initiation complex
  • triplet code
  • redundancy of the genetic code
a regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes
  • transcription factor
  • transcription unit
  • translation
  • transcription
simultaneous translation and transcription
  • The lack of segregation of DNA in bacteria results in...
  • In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until...
  • stages of transcription
  • difference of genetic information flow between bacteria and eukaryotes?
a region of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule
  • transcription unit
  • messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • transcription initiation complex
  • translation
the DNA strand that provides the pattern for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript
  • template strand
  • Archibald Garrod
  • Tatum and Beadle
  • messenger RNA (mRNA)
several transcription factors have bound to the promoter
  • The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
  • In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until...
  • What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?
  • The lack of segregation of DNA in bacteria results in...
the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, or RNAs in some cases
  • template strand
  • gene expression
  • transcription
  • translation
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Multiple Choice Questions
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