Which body part develops in regions with a low concentration of Bicoid protein?
  • diffusionBicoid protein is produced at the anterior end and diffuses toward the posterior, resulting in a gradient.
  • The Bicoid protein is a regulatory transcription factor.The Bicoid protein regulates expression of the embryo's early developmental genes.
  • AbdomenThe regions with low concentrations of Bicoid protein develop into posterior structures such as the abdomen.
  • AntennaThe antenna is not a body segment of a fruit fly embryo.
Bicoid mRNA is translated in _____.
  • Fertilized eggbicoid mRNA is translated at the anterior pole of the fertilized egg.
  • fertilized egg
  • egg-polarityEgg-polarity genes are responsible for establishing the polarity of the egg.
  • fertilization of the egg
Which of the following is not a body segment of the fruit fly embryo?
  • AntennaThe antenna is not a body segment of a fruit fly embryo.
  • AbdomenThe regions with low concentrations of Bicoid protein develop into posterior structures such as the abdomen.
  • Differential gene expression affects the developmental process in animals.Homeotic genes code for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific body parts.Cells receive molecular signals that communicate their position in relation to other cells.Positional information controls pattern formation.
  • The Bicoid protein is a regulatory transcription factor.The Bicoid protein regulates expression of the embryo's early developmental genes.
The bicoid gene is a type of _____ gene.
  • the establishment of the anterior-posterior axisThe concentration gradient of bicoid protein determines the anterior-posterior axis of a developing Drosophila.
  • egg-polarityEgg-polarity genes are responsible for establishing the polarity of the egg.
  • Fertilized eggbicoid mRNA is translated at the anterior pole of the fertilized egg.
  • The larva would be normal with one head at the anterior pole.The injected mRNA would rescue the mutant phenotype of the egg.
Why did Kingsley and his team cross marine and freshwater sticklebacks?
  • Some stickleback populations became trapped in lakes that formed at the end of the last ice age.Freshwater stickleback populations were established when marine populations became trapped in the freshwater lakes where they migrate to spawn annually. At the end of the last ice age, these lakes, formerly connected to the ocean, were cut off by retreating ice fields.
  • AbdomenThe regions with low concentrations of Bicoid protein develop into posterior structures such as the abdomen.
  • To find the location of the gene(s) causing the difference between stickleback populations with and without spines.
  • nurse cells
The region of a Drosophila embryo with a low concentration of bicoid protein will develop into the _____.
  • True
  • AbdomenThe regions with low concentrations of Bicoid protein develop into posterior structures such as the abdomen.
  • head
  • abdomen
The region of a Drosophila embryo with the highest concentration of bicoid protein will develop into the _____.
  • abdomen
  • True
  • head
  • the establishment of the anterior-posterior axisThe concentration gradient of bicoid protein determines the anterior-posterior axis of a developing Drosophila.
What process produces the gradient of bicoid protein in a fertilized egg?
  • The Bicoid protein is a regulatory transcription factor.The Bicoid protein regulates expression of the embryo's early developmental genes.
  • Offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype.This statement is true; the gene is transcribed in the mother, and the mRNA is delivered to the zygote.
  • diffusionBicoid protein is produced at the anterior end and diffuses toward the posterior, resulting in a gradient.
  • AbdomenThe regions with low concentrations of Bicoid protein develop into posterior structures such as the abdomen.
Where is bicoid mRNA translated?
  • fertilized egg
  • Fertilized eggbicoid mRNA is translated at the anterior pole of the fertilized egg.
  • fertilization of the egg
  • egg-polarityEgg-polarity genes are responsible for establishing the polarity of the egg.
Which of the following statements about the Bicoid protein is true?
  • Differential gene expression affects the developmental process in animals.Homeotic genes code for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific body parts.Cells receive molecular signals that communicate their position in relation to other cells.Positional information controls pattern formation.
  • AntennaThe antenna is not a body segment of a fruit fly embryo.
  • The Bicoid protein is a regulatory transcription factor.The Bicoid protein regulates expression of the embryo's early developmental genes.
  • Offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype.This statement is true; the gene is transcribed in the mother, and the mRNA is delivered to the zygote.
Why do some stickleback populations lack pelvic spines?
  • In lakes where there are no large predatory fish, there is no advantage to having pelvic spines.In lakes with dragonfly larvae, pelvic spines can be disadvantageous, allowing the predatory larvae to grab the fish.Different environments can provide different selective pressures on an organism's morphology. In the threespine stickleback, pelvic spines provide a selective advantage in environments with large predatory fish but are a liability in environments with dragonfly larvae.
  • AbdomenThe regions with low concentrations of Bicoid protein develop into posterior structures such as the abdomen.
  • Differential gene expression affects the developmental process in animals.Homeotic genes code for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific body parts.Cells receive molecular signals that communicate their position in relation to other cells.Positional information controls pattern formation.
  • It occurred in a similar DNA region in freshwater stickleback populations all over the world.It is found in a regulatory region (a "switch") upstream of the coding region of the Pitx1 gene.Many mutations of evolutionary importance are found in regulatory regions. The gene remains intact, but the location of its expression changes—conveying a new phenotype without losing existing capabilities.
If bicoid mRNA is injected at the anterior end of an egg from a bicoid mutant mother, what would the phenotype of the resulting larva be?
  • the establishment of the anterior-posterior axisThe concentration gradient of bicoid protein determines the anterior-posterior axis of a developing Drosophila.
  • two-headed flyThe head develops where there is a high concentration of bicoid protein.
  • The larva would be normal with one head at the anterior pole.The injected mRNA would rescue the mutant phenotype of the egg.
  • The Bicoid protein is a regulatory transcription factor.The Bicoid protein regulates expression of the embryo's early developmental genes.
Which of the following statements about a gene that shows maternal effect inheritance is true?
  • Offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype.This statement is true; the gene is transcribed in the mother, and the mRNA is delivered to the zygote.
  • AntennaThe antenna is not a body segment of a fruit fly embryo.
  • The Bicoid protein is a regulatory transcription factor.The Bicoid protein regulates expression of the embryo's early developmental genes.
  • Differential gene expression affects the developmental process in animals.Homeotic genes code for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific body parts.Cells receive molecular signals that communicate their position in relation to other cells.Positional information controls pattern formation.
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