Multiple Choice Questions

A child fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who:
  • . self-aware.
  • autonomy.
  • compliant.
  • eats too much.
Developmentalists have found that social learning takes place:
  • a social smile.
  • throughout life.
  • eats too much.
  • sucking on a pacifier
Which four-month-old girl's temperament is the MOST likely to change over time? [MODEL NEEDED]/????
  • Michaela, who is inhibited and fearful
  • insecure-resistant/ambivalent
  • transitional object.
  • secure.
Jerome clings to his mother and refuses to leave her lap. Jerome is exhibiting ________attachment behavior.
  • insecure-resistant/ambivalent
  • trust versus mistrust.
  • infants find pleasure in stimulating and controlling the bowels.
  • more actively playful
. A working model, according to cognitive theory:
  • mutual interaction.
  • social referencing.
  • universal around the world.
  • can be reorganized.
Which boy is MOST likely to be strongly affected by his mother's responsiveness? [MODEL NEEDED]/????
  • a part of his mother.
  • insecure-resistant/ambivalent
  • smiling at Mother when she returns to the room.
  • a. Kim, who is anxious and difficult
In the research performed by Tronick & Weinberg, mothers were instructed to interact with their infants by copying their babies' facial expressions, and then on cue to show no emotionalreaction at all. This procedure is called the:
  • 3-month-old Cameroonian children
  • self-awareness.
  • still-face technique.
  • social referencing.
When Birgitta gave birth, her mother moved in with the young family to help care for thenewborn. This sort of caregiving by someone other than the baby's parent is called:
  • allocare.
  • disorganized
  • synchrony.
  • distal parent.
What are the four categories of temperament suggested by the New York LongitudinalStudy?
  • linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy.
  • easy, difficult, slow to warm up, hard to classify
  • pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt.
  • Emotions like pride and humility are dependent on cultural values.
According to Erikson's theory, what holds true for most toddlers?
  • crying and unable to be comforted when Mother returns.
  • . molded by one's parents.
  • They want to gain a sense of control over their own bodies.
  • shame and doubt.
The lasting emotional bond that an infant forms with a caregiver is called:
  • a paid, trained, nonrelative caregiver
  • explore his or her world.
  • a. Kim, who is anxious and difficult
  • attachment
An infant's distress at seeing an unfamiliar person is called:
  • stranger wariness.
  • social awareness
  • . molded by one's parents.
  • throughout life.
Jimmy's dad comes home from grocery shopping, sees Jimmy sitting on the sofa, and says, "Where's that boy of mine?" Jimmy gives his dad a smile that spreads across his entire face, and his dad responds with an exaggerated surprised look. This is an example of:
  • synchrony.
  • distal parent.
  • autonomy.
  • secure
If a child successfully resolves Erikson's first stage, he or she can be expected to
  • explore his or her world.
  • transitional object.
  • insecure-resistant/ambivalent
  • more actively playful
Josh is 15 months old. His parents are happy in their marriage and financially stable. Mostlikely, Josh's attachment type will be:
  • explore his or her world.
  • secure.
  • he or she is likely to be a securely attached child.
  • asserting control over his or her own actions.
Tiffany is 8 months old. Her mother and father don't get along well. There is often fightingin the house that frightens Tiffany. What effect might this environment have on her brain development?
  • Her hypothalamus may grow more slowly than normal.
  • Their normal developmental urges are frustrated.
  • autonomy versus shame and doubt
  • They are expressed in speedy and uncensored reactions.
Erikson's second stage of development is called:
  • . molded by one's parents.
  • . autonomy versus shame and doubt.
  • autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
  • responsiveness and timing.
Which emotion develops in an infant at the latest age?
  • pride
  • 6 months.
  • pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt.
  • pain
_________learning takes place by observing others.
  • pride
  • . self-aware.
  • social
  • physiological
A parent and a toddler meet someone who makes the parent nervous. The toddler willprobably:
  • proximal parenting.
  • social referencing.
  • attachment.
  • act anxious
The crucial aspect of synchrony is:
  • mutual interaction.
  • stranger wariness.
  • gain an awareness of other people.
  • the anterior cingulate gyrus
According to the New York Longitudinal Study, by approximately 3 months of age infants exhibit enough behaviors that they can be classified as one of______temperamental categories
  • allocare.
  • four
  • difficult
  • secure
Adam is playful, but sometimes moody; fussy but generally tolerant; and sometimes quiet, and other times boisterous. His temperament would be categorized as:a. easy.
  • hard to classify.
  • . social referencing
  • disorganized
  • proximal parenting.
How do people become "fixated" in a Freudian stage?
  • can be reorganized.
  • . a ratio of one adult to three infants.
  • The care of children by people other than their biological parents.
  • Their normal developmental urges are frustrated.
Usually, stranger wariness is first noticeable at______months.
  • throughout life.
  • 6 months
  • pride
  • 9
Which characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?
  • . social referencing
  • distal parent.
  • They are expressed in speedy and uncensored reactions.
  • social awareness
Which statement is correct?
  • An 11-month-old girl may show anxiety when her mother goes into another room.
  • 3-month-old Cameroonian children
  • pain
  • The care of children by people other than their biological parents.
Pierce is a two-year-old boy who loves his "lellow-lee" (yellow blanket) and won't take anap without it. Pierce's yellow blanket would be considered a(n):
  • separation anxiety.
  • insecure-avoidant
  • trust versus mistrust.
  • transitional object.
Synchrony depends on:
  • the anterior cingulate gyrus
  • engage in physical play.
  • exclusively by their mothers
  • responsiveness and timing.
At six weeks of age, baby Jessica's newest emotional reaction is MOST likely to be:
  • a social smile.
  • the social smile
  • social awareness
  • attachment.
Huan is 20 months old, and his mother is in a hurry. She wants to put his shoes on, but Huan rejects that by squirming and declaring, "No! Me!" It takes him five minutes, and his shoes end up on the wrong feet, but he proudly skips out to the car when he's done. Huan is in Erikson's______stage.
  • autonomy versus shame and doubt
  • hard to classify.
  • Her hypothalamus may grow more slowly than normal.
  • . social referencing.
Which psychologist developed the Strange Situation test?
  • asserting control over his or her own actions.
  • Mary Ainsworth
  • more actively playful
  • attachment
Which is NOT an essential characteristic of high-quality day care?
  • . a ratio of one adult to three infants.
  • . slow to warm up
  • crying and unable to be comforted when Mother returns.
  • imitating her vocal and facial expressions.
Four-month-old Tammi and thirteen-month-old Dawn are left with a babysitter. How will they react?
  • gain an awareness of other people.
  • Dawn will probably show more distress than Tammi
  • babies laugh and smile more with their fathers.
  • . Rose will probably frown, fuss, drool, or look away from her mother.
Researchers placed a dot of rouge on babies' noses and then had them look into a mirror. Onaverage, at what age did most babies touch their own noses when they saw their reflection?
  • 6 months
  • 18 months
  • difficult
  • 6 months.
The coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant is called:
  • shame and doubt.
  • oxytocin
  • synchrony.
  • 3 months
Which child shows a secure attachment?
  • insecure-resistant/ambivalent
  • asserting control over his or her own actions.
  • infants find pleasure in stimulating and controlling the bowels.
  • one who makes contact with the caregiver after the caregiver re-enters the room
Mary is playing with her infant daughter Rosalie. Mary responds to Rosalie's facialexpressions by mimicking and exaggerating the same expressions. All of a sudden, Mary's face becomes blank and she does not show any emotion. How is Rose likely to respond?
  • . social referencing
  • 3-month-old Cameroonian children
  • . Rose will probably frown, fuss, drool, or look away from her mother.
  • The care of children by people other than their biological parents.
The autonomy versus shame and doubt crisis involves the child:
  • one who makes contact with the caregiver after the caregiver re-enters the room
  • insecure-resistant/ambivalent
  • almost as much
  • asserting control over his or her own actions.
The Western value of independence is clearly exhibited in:
  • responds to separations and reunions with a caregiver.
  • the anal stage
  • Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt.
  • maintains contacting with the caregiver while exploring.
Proximal parenting tends to produce children who are:
  • attachment.
  • compliant.
  • memory.
  • 6 months
Another term for self-rule is:
  • 6 months
  • allocare.
  • questions ...end
  • autonomy.
. Allocare refers to:
  • the anterior cingulate gyrus
  • Emotions like pride and humility are dependent on cultural values.
  • The care of children by people other than their biological parents.
  • An 11-month-old girl may show anxiety when her mother goes into another room.
According to Erikson, failure to develop autonomy over one's own actions is most closelyidentified with:
  • shame and doubt.
  • social awareness
  • center day care.
  • 3 months
In the United States, about 20 percent of infants are cared for_______throughout their first year of life.
  • . slow to warm up
  • exclusively by their mothers
  • the anterior cingulate gyrus
  • universal around the world.
What is one of the four categories of temperament suggested by the New York LongitudinalStudy?
  • 9 months old.
  • oxytocin
  • . social referencing.
  • . slow to warm up
Sigmund Freud was a(n):
  • sucking on a pacifier
  • psychoanalytic theorist.
  • questions ...end
  • exclusively by their mothers
Which theorist stated, "Failure to bring up a happy child, a well-adjusted child—assuming bodily health—falls squarely upon the parents' shoulders"?
  • pride
  • 9 months old.
  • anger
  • Watson
Based on the experience of the Romanian children who were institutionalized during the late twentieth century, what might be concluded about attachment?
  • easy, difficult, slow to warm up, hard to classify
  • Her hypothalamus may grow more slowly than normal.
  • A person's attachment style starts to be set by about six months of age.
  • Dawn will probably show more distress than Tammi
The new emotions that appear toward the end of a child's second year are:
  • pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt.
  • imitating her vocal and facial expressions.
  • babies laugh and smile more with their fathers.
  • it is heavily subsidized by the government.
If we place a dot of rouge on a 20-month-old girl's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her own nose. This proves that the child has some:
  • allocare.
  • hard to classify.
  • center day care.
  • self-awareness.
Which specific part of the brain is responsible for emotional self-regulation?
  • stranger wariness.
  • the anterior cingulate gyrus
  • the anal stage
  • Emotions like pride and humility are dependent on cultural values.
Nine-month-old Taran explores new environments when his mother is present but shows distress when his mother leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a(n)________attachment
  • securely
  • four
  • secure
  • insecure-avoidant
In the Strange Situation, a sign of secure attachment is:
  • insecure-resistant/ambivalent
  • explore his or her world.
  • a paid, trained, nonrelative caregiver
  • smiling at Mother when she returns to the room.
According to Maslow, infancy begins with which kind of needs?
  • compliant.
  • synchrony.
  • physiological
  • stranger wariness.
A sign of secure attachment is when a child:
  • responds to separations and reunions with a caregiver.
  • maintains contacting with the caregiver while exploring.
  • Emotions like pride and humility are dependent on cultural values.
  • universal around the world.
An infant's anger is usually triggered by:
  • eats too much.
  • 6 months.
  • frustration.
  • compliant.
Which hormone is associated with encouraging caregiving behaviors?
  • pain
  • oxytocin
  • pride
  • laughter
Rex is 3 months old. According to psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler, he views himself as:
  • almost as much
  • a part of his mother.
  • explore his or her world.
  • asserting control over his or her own actions.
Recent research has indicated that once an infant has become securely attached to an adult:
  • he or she is likely to be a securely attached child.
  • one who makes contact with the caregiver after the caregiver re-enters the room
  • a. Kim, who is anxious and difficult
  • a paid, trained, nonrelative caregiver
Harry's mother left him for a few minutes. When she returned, Harry climbed into her lap and then resumed playing. Harry is probably a(n)______attached child.
  • anger
  • securely
  • Watson
  • allocare.
. "Proximity-seeking" and "contact-maintaining" behaviors are displays of:
  • difficult
  • attachment
  • physiological
  • allocare.
Distal parenting tends to produce children who are:
  • throughout life.
  • 6 months
  • self-awareness.
  • . self-aware.
Center-based day care is common in countries like France, Israel, and China, where:
  • . a ratio of one adult to three infants.
  • They are expressed in speedy and uncensored reactions.
  • it is heavily subsidized by the government.
  • imitating her vocal and facial expressions.
Victor and Rosa want to enhance their synchrony with their six-month-old daughter. They can best do this by:
  • imitating her vocal and facial expressions.
  • it is heavily subsidized by the government.
  • autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
  • maintains contacting with the caregiver while exploring.
The emotions of shame, pride, and embarrassment require that a child first:
  • gain an awareness of other people.
  • stranger wariness.
  • Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt.
  • . autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Mothers who work full time outside the home play with their children _______mothers who stay at home paly with their children
  • almost as much
  • secure.
  • transitional object.
  • explore his or her world.
stopped at T/F
  • the social smile
  • questions ...end
  • responsiveness and timing.
  • center day care.
Baby Carrie's father is holding her. She is smiling at him one minute and then, unexpectedly, she slaps his face. Since this is typical behavior for her, she may have which type of attachment?
  • difficult
  • hard to classify.
  • allocare.
  • disorganized
A child's typical activity during the oral stage is:
  • universal around the world.
  • stranger wariness.
  • throughout life.
  • sucking on a pacifier
Which emotion seems to depend on the development of social awareness?
  • social
  • pride
  • Watson
  • oral
One clear difference between father-infant and mother-infant interactions is that:
  • Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt.
  • Their normal developmental urges are frustrated.
  • babies laugh and smile more with their fathers.
  • imitating her vocal and facial expressions.
Worldwide, only about 15 percent of infants receive daily care from:
  • more actively playful
  • separation anxiety.
  • a. Kim, who is anxious and difficult
  • a paid, trained, nonrelative caregiver
The first crisis of life, according to Erikson, is:
  • trust versus mistrust.
  • asserting control over his or her own actions.
  • a. Kim, who is anxious and difficult
  • a part of his mother.
One-year-old Claire lives in a loving, but noisy, family home with her parents and four siblings. She receives much positive attention and has a trusting relationship with her family.According to Piaget, she will MOST likely develop:
  • responds to separations and reunions with a caregiver.
  • a cognitive schema that families are as loving and loud as her working model.
  • still-face technique.
  • Her hypothalamus may grow more slowly than normal.
According to psychoanalytic theory, the child's prime focus of pleasure in the first year of lifeis the:
  • shame and doubt.
  • oral
  • attachment.
  • mouth
The emotion of anger usually appears at the age of:
  • 6 months.
  • laughter
  • 18 months
  • gain an awareness of other people.
Increased levels of cortisol are associated with an infant's:
  • sadness
  • pride
  • attachment
  • laugh
. Chang participated in a research study when he was an infant during which the researcher restrained his arms for two minutes. Which emotion did Chang likely experience?
  • memory.
  • anger
  • disorganized
  • 18 months
According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set ofassumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a:
  • working model.
  • shame and doubt.
  • mouth
  • They want to gain a sense of control over their own bodies.
A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called:
  • exclusively by their mothers
  • stranger wariness.
  • social referencing.
  • center day care.
Abed is 12 months old, and his uncle Frank is visiting for the first time in 6 months. Frank isdelighted to see his nephew, so as he enters the room, he booms, "There's my little man!" Abed looks to his mother, who is smiling broadly at her brother Frank, and crawls to her to be picked up. Abed is demonstrating:
  • . social referencing.
  • . molded by one's parents.
  • . slow to warm up
  • social referencing.
When Caitlin falls and hurts herself, she cries and runs to her mother. Rather than comforting Caitlin, her mother offers her a toy to distract her. Her mother is probably a(n):
  • . slow to warm up
  • social awareness
  • distal parent.
  • proximal parenting.
A type of care in which several paid, trained providers care for many children in a space designed especially for the purpose of day care is called:
  • hard to classify.
  • . slow to warm up
  • center day care.
  • shame and doubt.
A toddler in Freud's anal stage would also be at Erikson's:
  • autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
  • universal around the world.
  • babies laugh and smile more with their fathers.
  • . a ratio of one adult to three infants.
0 h : 0 m : 1 s

Multiple Choice Questions
Answered Not Answered Not Visited Correct : 0 Incorrect : 0