Multiple Choice Questions

Which of the following leads to the lowest water loss during a day?
  • kidneys
  • slowly
  • feces
  • activates parasympathetic output
Kidneys regulate...
  • moderates changes in pH
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • water loss only
  • plasma osmolarity
Angiotensin 2 stimulates
  • They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle.
  • thirst, vasoconstriction, and synthesis and release of aldosterone
  • increases GFR and inhibits release of renin
  • sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control centers to increase
Paracrine feedback form the _________ in the distal tubule to the granular cells stimulates release of ___________.
  • ACE inhibitors
  • macula densa, renin
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • metabolic alkalosis.
Which of the following concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?
  • kidney secrete fewer hydrogen ions
  • reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
  • inhibition of vasopressin secretions.
The primary route for ion loss from the body is the ______ system.
  • vasopressin
  • Urinary
  • prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
  • hypothalamus
Which of the following is most likely to be observed in a patient with compensated respiratory alkalosis...
  • exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling.
  • kidney secrete fewer hydrogen ions
  • lose three-dimensional structures.
  • activates parasympathetic output
Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated. If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect...
  • intercalated
  • increased alveolar ventilation.
  • abnormal cardiac rhythms.
  • activates parasympathetic output
The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are...
  • inhibition of vasopressin secretions.
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
  • To increase passive reabsorption of water.
  • urinary and cardiovascular.
The _________ cells of the distal nephron are interspersed among the principal cells and contribute to acid-base regulation.
  • hypothalamus
  • Carbon dioxide
  • hyperkalemia
  • intercalated
The normal pH range for most body fluids is_____.
  • ketoacidosis.
  • hyperkalemia
  • 7.38 - 7.42
  • vasopressin
The RAS pathway begins with secretion of...
  • feces
  • renin
  • diuresis
  • Urinary
Two house before a major surgery is to begin, the patient experience "jitters" and elevated heart rate and blood pressure. These symptoms are the result of...
  • macula densa, renin
  • metabolic alkalosis.
  • inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • sympathetic activation.
The hormone that directly controls water reabsorption by he kidneys is...
  • aldosterone
  • vasopressin
  • angiotensin 1
  • only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
________ interstitial osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated.
  • intercalated
  • shrink, increased
  • High medullary
  • hyperkalemia
The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the...
  • exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling.
  • intercalated
  • countercurrent exchange system
  • abnormal cardiac rhythms.
When the pH of body fluids beings to fall, proteins will...
  • will still be expelled from the body in the urine
  • alkalosis
  • lose three-dimensional structures.
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
Why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?
  • They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity.
  • They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle.
  • only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
  • ACE inhibitors
Excess potassium ions are eliminated from the body by the...
  • kidneys
  • diuresis
  • Urinary
  • osmosis
The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H₂O and CO₂ to H₂CO₃ is called...
  • plasma osmolarity
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • angiotensin 1
  • shrink, increased
A rise in angiotensin 2 levels would result in increased,
  • feces
  • ALL OF DEM
  • cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
  • hyperkalemia
The venous return is increased, stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated. This results in .....
  • inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • increased alveolar ventilation.
  • angiotensin 1
  • kidney secrete fewer hydrogen ions
Which of the followin is not true about angiotensin 2?
  • lose three-dimensional structures.
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
  • feces
  • activates parasympathetic output
ACE converts
  • angiotensin 1
  • angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
  • activates parasympathetic output
  • promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
Decreased ECF volume causes...
  • stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.
  • sympathetic activation.
  • sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control centers to increase
  • CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
When a body is dehydrated, water in the urinary bladder
  • will still be expelled from the body in the urine
  • lose three-dimensional structures.
  • reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of...
  • activates parasympathetic output
  • reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • respiratory alkalosis
  • respiratory acidosis
Aldosterone....
  • promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
  • CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
  • angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
  • cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
A buffer...
  • moderates changes in pH
  • promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
  • stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.
  • controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and triggered by increased osmolarity.
The primary osmoreceptors are located in the...
  • osmosis
  • Urinary
  • prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
  • hypothalamus
Cell volume in most cells is dependent upon careful regulation of...
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
  • osmolarity of extracellular fluid
  • cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
  • inhibition of vasopressin secretions.
Atrial natriuretic peptide...
  • To increase passive reabsorption of water.
  • increases GFR and inhibits release of renin
  • increased alveolar ventilation.
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
Osmoreceptors depolarize after they _______ in response to _______ plasma osmolarity.
  • ACE inhibitors
  • aldosterone
  • shrink, increased
  • blood vessels.
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of ...
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • hypothalamus
  • plasma osmolarity
  • angiotensin 1
An explorer has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water. As a result, you would expect to observe...
  • inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • increased alveolar ventilation.
  • Elevated vasopressin levels.
  • carbonic anhydrase
Thirst is...
  • controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and triggered by increased osmolarity.
  • Low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule.
  • promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
  • moderates changes in pH
Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of...
  • alkalosis
  • osmosis
  • kidneys
  • slowly
The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to...
  • prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
  • both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown
  • hypothalamus
  • only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
Stimuli for the activation of the RAS pathway include...
  • will still be expelled from the body in the urine
  • CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
  • Low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule.
  • activates parasympathetic output
Which effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ion in the urine?
  • feces
  • aldosterone
  • Decrease
  • alkalosis
The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is _______ mOsM.
  • 1200
  • vasopressin
  • Urinary
  • feces
Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity. How do they maintain normal cell volume?
  • both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown
  • only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
  • thirst, vasoconstriction, and synthesis and release of aldosterone
  • They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity.
Symptoms of low plasma pH may include...
  • CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
  • increases GFR and inhibits release of renin
  • only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
  • prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
Shrinkage of hepatocytes in the liver causes them to cause which of the following?
  • both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
  • inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • will still be expelled from the body in the urine
In a response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body, you would expect to observe...
  • increases aldosterone secretion.
  • urinary and cardiovascular.
  • increased alveolar ventilation.
  • abnormal cardiac rhythms.
When the pH rises above 7.42, a state of _________ exists.
  • reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • alkalosis
  • diuresis
  • angiotensin 1
A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of ...
  • hyperkalemia
  • respiratory acidosis
  • macula densa, renin
  • reabsorb more potassium ions.
Elisabeth Kubler Ross believed that when a person is dying of a terminal illness, depression is
  • It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • Denial and isolation.
  • Know that they are dying.
  • Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
Traditional Amish and Jewish cultures are similar in how they cope with death in that they both
  • Provide a lot of community support for the family over several months.
  • produce more intense feelings in servivors than if the person died of a long illness.
  • Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
  • All electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.
In Harrington & Smith's study of patients with advanced cancer. only _____ of doctors told patients how long they were likely to live.
  • Passive
  • Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
  • 37 percent
  • Denial and isolation.
What is the leading cause of infant death in the united states?
  • Passive
  • Know that they are dying.
  • It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • SIDS
Which of the following is true of the American attitude toward death.
  • It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • SIDS
  • Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
  • Know that they are dying.
Turning off a respirator or a heart lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia.
  • 37 percent
  • Passive
  • SIDS
  • Denial and isolation.
Most psychologist believe that it is best for dying individuals to
  • SIDS
  • Know that they are dying.
  • It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • Denial and isolation.
0 h : 0 m : 1 s

Multiple Choice Questions
Answered Not Answered Not Visited Correct : 0 Incorrect : 0