Multiple Choice Questions

polypeptides
  • polymer; glucose molecules
  • Polymers of amino acids
  • heat of vaporization
  • Cellulose, a plant cell wall component
An ionic bond is formed when __________.
  • Transpiration describes the loss of water from the stomata of leaves. As water vapor is lost through transpiration, more water evaporates from the cell walls of leaf mesophyll cells. The evaporation of water from leaf mesophyll cells creates a surface tension that pulls water up the xylem. Water molecules pull on adjacent water molecules all the way down the xylem. Water molecules also adhere to the walls of xylem cells, which helps to counteract the force of gravity. Water enters the xylem after it is absorbed by a plant's roots.
  • Transfer of an electron from one atom to another results in a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion), which usually attract each other to form an ionic bond. However, the ions need not have acquired their electrical charge due to an electron transfer with each other.
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
  • the number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell The completeness of the valence shell determines the pattern of covalent bonding or ionization. The reactivity of an atom is a function of the presence of unpaired electrons in one or more orbitals of their valence shells.
To what does the term polypeptide refer?
  • None of the listed responses is correct. Diverse as proteins are, they are all unbranched polymers constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids. A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration reactions. A protein is a biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure. Polymers, including polypeptides, are disassembled into monomers through hydrolysis. Complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides, are polymers of monosaccharides, or simple sugars. Monosaccharides are linked together through dehydration reactions that form glycosidic linkages. Some polysaccharides are held together by hydrogen bonds such as in the case of cellulose microfibrils.
  • Transpiration describes the loss of water from the stomata of leaves. As water vapor is lost through transpiration, more water evaporates from the cell walls of leaf mesophyll cells. The evaporation of water from leaf mesophyll cells creates a surface tension that pulls water up the xylem. Water molecules pull on adjacent water molecules all the way down the xylem. Water molecules also adhere to the walls of xylem cells, which helps to counteract the force of gravity. Water enters the xylem after it is absorbed by a plant's roots.
  • Transfer of an electron from one atom to another results in a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion), which usually attract each other to form an ionic bond. However, the ions need not have acquired their electrical charge due to an electron transfer with each other.
  • An electron orbital describes a three-dimensional space where an electron can be found 90% of the time.We cannot know the exact location of an electron. Instead, we can describe a three-dimensional space in which an electron spends most of its time.
The reactivity of an atom arises from __________.
  • equals the number of electrons
  • the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell
  • adding hydrogen atoms to the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
  • All have been associated with the buildup of misfolded proteins.
Which of these is a thiol?
  • Weak bonds are transient and easily reversible.Molecules that form weak bonds can come together, interact, and then separate. The combined effect of many weak and transient hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals interactions can produce important emergent properties. Read about the importance of the transience of weak bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and Van der Waals interactions.
  • None of the listed responses is correct. A thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl group. The sulfhydryl group (-SH) consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; it resembles a hydroxyl group in shape. None of the selections is correct because a thiol is a full molecule and not a functional group. All of the listed answers belong to a functional group.previous
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
  • Copper is a trace element. Trace elements are elements needed by an organism only in trace, or very small, amounts. As such, a trace element cannot be one of the four major components of living matter. Copper accounts for less than 0.01 percent of the mass of a human body. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are the four major components of living matter and together make up 96 percent of all living things.
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by .
  • the number of electrons in the outermost electron shellAn atom is least likely to participate in a reaction when its outermost shell is stable.
  • Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape.
  • adding hydrogen atoms to the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
  • the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell
Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by .
  • phospholipids
  • nitrogen
  • ester linkages
  • surface tension
Which example illustrates a property that emerges at the community level?
  • Weak bonds are transient and easily reversible.Molecules that form weak bonds can come together, interact, and then separate. The combined effect of many weak and transient hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals interactions can produce important emergent properties. Read about the importance of the transience of weak bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and Van der Waals interactions.
  • Metabolic cooperation between prokaryotic cells forms a biofilm that allows bacterial colonies to transport nutrients and wastes. Biofilms may damage industrial equipment or cause tooth decay.This emergent property emerges at the community level, due to the interactions among prokaryotic species forming the biofilm. Read about levels of biological organization in and emergent properties.
  • Copper is a trace element. Trace elements are elements needed by an organism only in trace, or very small, amounts. As such, a trace element cannot be one of the four major components of living matter. Copper accounts for less than 0.01 percent of the mass of a human body. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are the four major components of living matter and together make up 96 percent of all living things.
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
Why does a lake freeze from the top down instead of from the bottom up?
  • Information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides. Specific sequences of the four nucleotides A, T, C, and G encode the information in genes.
  • Liquid water is more dense than ice.
  • tertiary structure
  • All have been associated with the buildup of misfolded proteins.
Water molecules have a polarity, which allows them to be electrically attracted to other water molecules and other polar molecules by weak chemical bonds known as _____.
  • six hydrogen and three carbon
  • nitrogen
  • ester linkages
  • hydrogen bonds
You discover a new moon orbiting Saturn. It has liquid water, energy, and carbon. Which essential ingredient for life as we know it is missing?
  • ester linkages
  • hydrogen bonds
  • surface tension
  • nitrogen
Which of the following is a trace element?
  • Copper is a trace element. Trace elements are elements needed by an organism only in trace, or very small, amounts. As such, a trace element cannot be one of the four major components of living matter. Copper accounts for less than 0.01 percent of the mass of a human body. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are the four major components of living matter and together make up 96 percent of all living things.
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
  • Weak bonds are transient and easily reversible.Molecules that form weak bonds can come together, interact, and then separate. The combined effect of many weak and transient hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals interactions can produce important emergent properties. Read about the importance of the transience of weak bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and Van der Waals interactions.
  • None of the listed responses is correct. A thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl group. The sulfhydryl group (-SH) consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; it resembles a hydroxyl group in shape. None of the selections is correct because a thiol is a full molecule and not a functional group. All of the listed answers belong to a functional group.previous
Which of the following bonds can form between atoms of equal electronegativity?
  • the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundingsA membrane boundary separates the interior and exterior of every cell.
  • Van der Waals interactions can form between atoms of equal electronegativity.
  • Copper is a trace element. Trace elements are elements needed by an organism only in trace, or very small, amounts. As such, a trace element cannot be one of the four major components of living matter. Copper accounts for less than 0.01 percent of the mass of a human body. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are the four major components of living matter and together make up 96 percent of all living things.
  • The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.In this situation the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges.
You are a NASA scientist looking for extraterrestrial life on other planets. Which of the following is likely the best planet for you to study?
  • surface tension
  • Mars
  • nitrogen
  • sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxidesSulfur and nitrogen oxides react with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the .
  • surface tension
  • tertiary structure
  • equals the number of electrons
  • phospholipids
The type of bonding and the numbers of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms are determined by __________.
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
  • the number of electrons in the outermost electron shellAn atom is least likely to participate in a reaction when its outermost shell is stable.
  • the number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell The completeness of the valence shell determines the pattern of covalent bonding or ionization. The reactivity of an atom is a function of the presence of unpaired electrons in one or more orbitals of their valence shells.
  • Transfer of an electron from one atom to another results in a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion), which usually attract each other to form an ionic bond. However, the ions need not have acquired their electrical charge due to an electron transfer with each other.
The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to _____ electrons.
  • 2
  • tertiary structure
  • the number of electrons in the outermost electron shellAn atom is least likely to participate in a reaction when its outermost shell is stable.
  • Liquid water is more dense than ice.
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
  • the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundingsA membrane boundary separates the interior and exterior of every cell.
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
  • Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen. Their properties include being hydrophobic, nonpolar, and a good source of stored energy. They are not charged and do not contain functional groups, such as carboxyl and amino groups. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because the great majority of their bonds are relatively nonpolar carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. They can undergo reactions that release a relatively large amount of energy. The gasoline that fuels a car consists of hydrocarbons, and the hydrocarbon tails of fats serve as stored fuel for animals. They are the major components of petroleum, which is called a fossil fuel because it consists of the partially decomposed remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.
  • Weak bonds are transient and easily reversible.Molecules that form weak bonds can come together, interact, and then separate. The combined effect of many weak and transient hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals interactions can produce important emergent properties. Read about the importance of the transience of weak bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and Van der Waals interactions.
Sweating has a cooling effect because of water's high
  • ester linkages
  • tertiary structure
  • heat of vaporization
  • phospholipids
What determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom participates in?
  • The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.In this situation the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges.
  • the number of electrons in the outermost electron shellAn atom is least likely to participate in a reaction when its outermost shell is stable.
  • Information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides. Specific sequences of the four nucleotides A, T, C, and G encode the information in genes.
  • the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundingsA membrane boundary separates the interior and exterior of every cell.
Transpiration-cohesion-tension process
  • Transpiration describes the loss of water from the stomata of leaves. As water vapor is lost through transpiration, more water evaporates from the cell walls of leaf mesophyll cells. The evaporation of water from leaf mesophyll cells creates a surface tension that pulls water up the xylem. Water molecules pull on adjacent water molecules all the way down the xylem. Water molecules also adhere to the walls of xylem cells, which helps to counteract the force of gravity. Water enters the xylem after it is absorbed by a plant's roots.
  • Transfer of an electron from one atom to another results in a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion), which usually attract each other to form an ionic bond. However, the ions need not have acquired their electrical charge due to an electron transfer with each other.
  • None of the listed responses is correct. Diverse as proteins are, they are all unbranched polymers constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids. A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration reactions. A protein is a biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure. Polymers, including polypeptides, are disassembled into monomers through hydrolysis. Complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides, are polymers of monosaccharides, or simple sugars. Monosaccharides are linked together through dehydration reactions that form glycosidic linkages. Some polysaccharides are held together by hydrogen bonds such as in the case of cellulose microfibrils.
  • Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape.
You can fill a glass of water to just slightly above the rim without it spilling over. What property of water best explains this phenomenon?
  • hydrogen bonds
  • tertiary structure
  • nitrogen
  • surface tension
There are naturally occurring elements.
  • 92
  • tertiary structure
  • H2S
  • the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell
Scientists in Russia discover a new planet in the Andromeda galaxy. It has a surface opposite of that found on Mars. What is it like?
  • Liquid water is more dense than ice.
  • equals the number of electrons
  • wet and hotMars is dry and cold
  • heat of vaporization
When a protein is denatured, why does it lose its functionality?
  • The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.In this situation the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges.
  • the number of electrons in the outermost electron shellAn atom is least likely to participate in a reaction when its outermost shell is stable.
  • Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape.
  • Information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides. Specific sequences of the four nucleotides A, T, C, and G encode the information in genes.
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are .
  • surface tension
  • phospholipids
  • gravity
  • Liquid water is more dense than ice.
Which of the following are properties of hydrocarbons?
  • Copper is a trace element. Trace elements are elements needed by an organism only in trace, or very small, amounts. As such, a trace element cannot be one of the four major components of living matter. Copper accounts for less than 0.01 percent of the mass of a human body. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are the four major components of living matter and together make up 96 percent of all living things.
  • Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen. Their properties include being hydrophobic, nonpolar, and a good source of stored energy. They are not charged and do not contain functional groups, such as carboxyl and amino groups. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because the great majority of their bonds are relatively nonpolar carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. They can undergo reactions that release a relatively large amount of energy. The gasoline that fuels a car consists of hydrocarbons, and the hydrocarbon tails of fats serve as stored fuel for animals. They are the major components of petroleum, which is called a fossil fuel because it consists of the partially decomposed remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.
  • The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.In this situation the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges.
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
Which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
  • the number of electrons in the outermost electron shellAn atom is least likely to participate in a reaction when its outermost shell is stable.
  • The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.In this situation the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges.
  • CH4 is an organic molecule. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic. Organic compounds range from simple molecules, such as methane (CH4), to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms. Elements, such as neon (Ne) and oxygen (O), and molecules, such as table salt (NaCl) and water (H2O), that don't contain carbon are not considered organic.
  • the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundingsA membrane boundary separates the interior and exterior of every cell.
0 h : 0 m : 1 s

Multiple Choice Questions
Answered Not Answered Not Visited Correct : 0 Incorrect : 0