Multiple Choice Questions

There often would be a larger range between daytime high and nighttime low temperatures.
  • What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual 23.5 degrees?
  • What would be the effect on climate in the temperate latitudes if Earth were to slow its rate of rotation from a 24-hour period of rotation to a 48-hour period of rotation?
  • A certain species of pine tree survives only in scattered locations at elevations above 2800 meters in the western United States. To understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an ecologist should _____.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
Pushed by the prevailing winds on the windward side, air is forced to rise, cool, condense, and drop its precipitation, leaving drier air to descend the leeward side.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
  • Which of the following investigations would shed the most light on the future distribution of organisms in temperate regions that are faced with climate change?
  • Why is the climate drier on the leeward (downwind) side of mountain ranges that are subjected to prevailing winds?
Rising, warm, moist air masses that cool and release precipitation as they rise and then, at high altitude, cool and sink back to the surface as dry air masses after moving north or south of the tropics.
  • Generally speaking, deserts are located in places where air masses are usually _____.
  • If the direction of Earth's rotation reversed, the most predictable effect would be _____.
  • A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone may have which of the following characteristics?
  • Generalized global air circulation and precipitation patterns are caused by _____.
Water is densest at 4°C.
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
  • Which of the following events might you predict to occur if the tilt of Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit was increased to 33.5degrees?
  • Which of the following is responsible for the differences in summer and winter temperature stratification of deep temperate zone lakes?
  • Which of the following is an important feature of most terrestrial biomes?
Only II, III, and IV.Highly developed chemoreception.Adaptations for burrowing.Adaptations for sit-and-wait predation.
  • Why is the climate drier on the leeward (downwind) side of mountain ranges that are subjected to prevailing winds?
  • A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone may have which of the following characteristics?
  • A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?
  • Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between fire and ecosystems?
The warm, moist Pacific air rises and cools, releasing precipitation as it moves up the windward side of the range. This cool, now dry air mass heats up as it descends on the leeward side of the range.
  • Air masses formed over the Pacific Ocean are moved by prevailing westerlies where they encounter extensive north-south mountain ranges, such as the Sierra Nevada and the Cascades. Which statement best describes the outcome of this encounter between a landform and an air mass?
  • Generalized global air circulation and precipitation patterns are caused by _____.
  • Which of the following investigations would shed the most light on the future distribution of organisms in temperate regions that are faced with climate change?
  • If carbon dioxide levels continue to increase and climate change continues over the next century, which of the following would best predict the directional migration of the North American ecosystems from the biomes shown in this climograph?
Ocean currents.
  • If a meteor impact or volcanic eruption injected a lot of dust into the atmosphere and reduced the sunlight reaching Earth's surface by 70 percent for one year, which of the following marine communities most likely would be least affected?
  • Generally speaking, deserts are located in places where air masses are usually _____.
  • Coral reefs can be found on the southeast coast of the United States but not at similar latitudes on the southwest coast. Differences in which of the following most likely account for this?
  • Suppose that the number of bird species is determined mainly by the number of vertical strata found in the environment. If so, in which of the following biomes would you find the greatest number of bird species?
An oligotrophic lake.
  • Suppose that the number of bird species is determined mainly by the number of vertical strata found in the environment. If so, in which of the following biomes would you find the greatest number of bird species?
  • If you are interested in observing a relatively simple community structure in a clear water lake, you would do well to choose diving into _____.
  • Which of the following is responsible for the differences in summer and winter temperature stratification of deep temperate zone lakes?
  • If global warming continues at its present rate, which biomes will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)?
The average climate and pattern of climate are important in determining biome distribution.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
  • Which of the following might be an investigation of microclimate?
  • Which of the following choices includes all of the others in creating global terrestrial climates?
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
Support biological communities similar to those found at higher elevations on similar south-facing slopes.
  • If the direction of Earth's rotation reversed, the most predictable effect would be _____.
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
  • In mountainous areas of western North America, north-facing slopes would be expected to _____.
  • Which statement describes how climate might change if Earth was 75 percent land and 25 percent water?
Determine if dispersal is a key factor in limiting distribution of organisms.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
  • Studying species transplants is a way that ecologists _____.
  • A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?
  • Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments?
Descending.
  • Which of the following types of organisms is likely to have the widest geographic distribution?
  • The success of plants extending their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by _____.
  • Generally speaking, deserts are located in places where air masses are usually _____.
  • Generalized global air circulation and precipitation patterns are caused by _____.
A few individuals with denser fur survive the coldest days of an ice age, and the reproducing survivors of the ice age will likely have more dense fur.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
  • Which of the following events might you predict to occur if the tilt of Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit was increased to 33.5degrees?
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
  • Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between fire and ecosystems?
Winters and summers would be more severe.
  • Which of the following is responsible for the differences in summer and winter temperature stratification of deep temperate zone lakes?
  • Which of the following choices includes all of the others in creating global terrestrial climates?
  • What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual 23.5 degrees?
  • When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological communities that are analogous to the changes _____.
The ecosystems will shift to the north as temperatures warm.
  • As climate changes because of global warming, plant species' ranges in the northern hemisphere may move northward. The trees that are most likely to avoid extinction in such an environment are those that _____.
  • Imagine that a deep temperate zone lake did not turn over during the spring and fall seasons. Based on the physical and biological properties of limnetic ecosystems, what would be the difference from normal seasonal turnover?
  • If carbon dioxide levels continue to increase and climate change continues over the next century, which of the following would best predict the directional migration of the North American ecosystems from the biomes shown in this climograph?
  • A certain species of pine tree survives only in scattered locations at elevations above 2800 meters in the western United States. To understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an ecologist should _____.
A habitat left unoccupied by native herons and egrets met the biotic and abiotic requirements of the cattle egret transplants and their descendants.
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
  • Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?
  • The range of cattle egrets has expanded between 1937 and today. How would an ecologist likely explain the expansion of the cattle egret?
  • Why is the climate drier on the leeward (downwind) side of mountain ranges that are subjected to prevailing winds?
Look at the climatic changes that occurred since the last Ice Age and how species redistributed as glaciers melted, then make predictions on future distribution in species based on past trends.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
  • Which of the following investigations would shed the most light on the future distribution of organisms in temperate regions that are faced with climate change?
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
  • Which of the following events might you predict to occur if the tilt of Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit was increased to 33.5degrees?
Winds blowing from west to east along the equator.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between fire and ecosystems?
  • The main reason polar regions are cooler than the equator is that _____.
  • Which of the following is an important feature of most terrestrial biomes?
  • If the direction of Earth's rotation reversed, the most predictable effect would be _____.
Tropical rain forest.
  • Imagine some cosmic catastrophe jolts Earth so that its axis is perpendicular to the orbital plane between Earth and the sun. The most obvious effect of this change would be _____.
  • Besides sunlight, which would be the next most important climatic factors for terrestrial plants?
  • Imagine that a deep temperate zone lake did not turn over during the spring and fall seasons. Based on the physical and biological properties of limnetic ecosystems, what would be the difference from normal seasonal turnover?
  • Suppose that the number of bird species is determined mainly by the number of vertical strata found in the environment. If so, in which of the following biomes would you find the greatest number of bird species?
Summers and winters in the United States would likely become warmer and colder, respectively.
  • Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect is most correct?
  • Which of the following investigations would shed the most light on the future distribution of organisms in temperate regions that are faced with climate change?
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
  • Which of the following events might you predict to occur if the tilt of Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit was increased to 33.5degrees?
Vegetation demonstrating vertical layering.
  • Which of the following is an important feature of most terrestrial biomes?
  • Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments?
  • Which of the following choices includes all of the others in creating global terrestrial climates?
  • Which of the following might be an investigation of microclimate?
The changes in the density of water as seasonal temperatures change.
  • Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?
  • The success of plants extending their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by _____.
  • A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
Warm ocean currents interact with England, whereas cold ocean currents interact with Labrador.
  • As climate changes because of global warming, plant species' ranges in the northern hemisphere may move northward. The trees that are most likely to avoid extinction in such an environment are those that _____.
  • Imagine that a deep temperate zone lake did not turn over during the spring and fall seasons. Based on the physical and biological properties of limnetic ecosystems, what would be the difference from normal seasonal turnover?
  • What would be the effect on climate in the temperate latitudes if Earth were to slow its rate of rotation from a 24-hour period of rotation to a 48-hour period of rotation?
  • Subtropical plants are commonplace in Land's End, England, whose latitude is the equivalent of Labrador in coastal Canada, where the local flora is subarctic. Which statement best explains why this apparent anomaly exists between North America and Europe?
Investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitude.
  • If carbon dioxide levels continue to increase and climate change continues over the next century, which of the following would best predict the directional migration of the North American ecosystems from the biomes shown in this climograph?
  • A certain species of pine tree survives only in scattered locations at elevations above 2800 meters in the western United States. To understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an ecologist should _____.
  • As climate changes because of global warming, plant species' ranges in the northern hemisphere may move northward. The trees that are most likely to avoid extinction in such an environment are those that _____.
  • Imagine that a deep temperate zone lake did not turn over during the spring and fall seasons. Based on the physical and biological properties of limnetic ecosystems, what would be the difference from normal seasonal turnover?
The species of colonizing animals.
  • In the development of terrestrial biomes, which factor is most dependent on all the others?
  • Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?
  • The success of plants extending their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by _____.
  • If the direction of Earth's rotation reversed, the most predictable effect would be _____.
Temperature and moisture.
  • Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?
  • Besides sunlight, which would be the next most important climatic factors for terrestrial plants?
  • A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?
  • If global warming continues at its present rate, which biomes will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)?
The change in water solute content would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between fire and ecosystems?
  • Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?
  • A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?
  • When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological communities that are analogous to the changes _____.
Ecosystem ecology.
  • Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?
  • Which of the following might be an investigation of microclimate?
  • In the development of terrestrial biomes, which factor is most dependent on all the others?
  • Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments?
Earth's daytime temperatures would be higher and nighttime temperatures lower.
  • Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?
  • Which of the following choices includes all of the others in creating global terrestrial climates?
  • Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between fire and ecosystems?
  • Which statement describes how climate might change if Earth was 75 percent land and 25 percent water?
In biomes at different latitudes.
  • If global warming continues at its present rate, which biomes will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)?
  • Which of the following choices includes all of the others in creating global terrestrial climates?
  • The success of plants extending their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by _____.
  • When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological communities that are analogous to the changes _____.
Can change the species composition within biological communities.
  • Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?
  • Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments?
  • Fire suppression by humans _____.
  • A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?
Their seed dispersal rate.
  • When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological communities that are analogous to the changes _____.
  • In the development of terrestrial biomes, which factor is most dependent on all the others?
  • The success of plants extending their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by _____.
  • Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by which of the following?
Taproot formation is impossible, so trees developed shallow root beds.
  • Air masses formed over the Pacific Ocean are moved by prevailing westerlies where they encounter extensive north-south mountain ranges, such as the Sierra Nevada and the Cascades. Which statement best describes the outcome of this encounter between a landform and an air mass?
  • If carbon dioxide levels continue to increase and climate change continues over the next century, which of the following would best predict the directional migration of the North American ecosystems from the biomes shown in this climograph?
  • Subtropical plants are commonplace in Land's End, England, whose latitude is the equivalent of Labrador in coastal Canada, where the local flora is subarctic. Which statement best explains why this apparent anomaly exists between North America and Europe?
  • In areas of permafrost, stands of black spruce are frequently observed in the landscape, while other tree species are noticeably absent. Often these stands are referred to as "drunken forests" because many of the black spruce are displaced from their normal vertical alignment. What is the most likely explanation for the unusual growth of these forests in this marginal habitat?
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Multiple Choice Questions
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