Osteoblasts in the periosteal layer form compact bone characteristic of the exterior surface of a mature bone.
  • Which structure is seen at the arrow
  • Classify the cells seen at the arrow in A.
  • What type of cell is shown at A
  • Which step in the figure contains compact bone
adipose tissueYellow bone marrow within the medullary cavity is composed primarily of adipose tissue (fat).
  • Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E
  • Which of the following disorders is only associated with the type of bone shown in the figure?
  • Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of the bone material at D but NOT of the material at B
During endochondral ossification, a distinct epiphyseal plate is formed at the boundary between primary and secondary ossification centers
  • Which of the following best describes the process shown in the figure?
  • The arrow in the figure is pointing to which of the following structures
  • The blood vessels and nerve in the figure are found within which type of space
  • The area where blood vessels are penetrating the center of the bone used to be occupied by which tissue?
hypersecretion of parathyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone functions to stimulate the activity of osteoclasts in bone tissue
  • Hypercalcemia can be caused by
  • What type of cell is shown at A
  • The area where blood vessels are penetrating the center of the bone used to be occupied by which tissue?
  • Which structure is seen at the arrow
Osteocytes, literally "bone cells," are the primary structural and maintenance cells found in bone
  • What material makes up most of the structure at A
  • What type of cell is shown at A
  • Which step in the figure contains compact bone
  • Classify the cells seen at the arrow in A.
CalcitriolYes, parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates Vitamin D into calcitriol in the kidney. Calcitriol then increases absorption of calcium in the intestine.
  • Which of the following best describes the process shown in the figure?
  • Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of the bone material at D but NOT of the material at B
achondroplasia This genetic disease can lead to shortening of the long bones due to premature closure of the epiphyseal plate.
  • Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E
  • Which of the following diseases would most likely be associated with a disorder at epiphyseal plate
  • Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
  • Which of the following correctly pairs the structure at C with its primary component
endochondral ossificationThe figure illustrates a step in the embryonic formation of a bone from a cartilage model.
  • Which structure is seen at the arrow
  • Which step in the figure contains compact bone
  • Which of the following diseases would most likely be associated with a disorder at epiphyseal plate
  • Which bone-forming process is shown in the figure?
The articular cartilage at the ends of long bones is formed from hyaline cartilage
  • epiphyseal Plate is composed primilaly of what kind of tissue
  • What material makes up most of the structure at A
  • Which step in the figure contains compact bone
  • What bone-associated structures in panel C are indicated by the arrow?
bone resorptionAs the bone widens, the matrix at the endosteal surface is resorbed to maintain the proper thickness of the walls surrounding the medullary cavity.
  • During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter D?
  • During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter B
  • Which of the following best describes the process shown in the figure?
  • During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter C?
The shaft of an adult long bone is composed of compact bone.
  • What bone-associated structures in panel C are indicated by the arrow?
  • Hypercalcemia can be caused by
  • Classify the cells seen at the arrow in A.
  • compact bone
CalcitriolYes, parathyroid hormone promotes the formation of calcitriol.
  • The blood vessels and nerve in the figure are found within which type of space
  • Classify the cells seen at the arrow in A.
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels
  • PTH promotes the formation of which hormone
an osteonThe circular structural unit found within compact bone is termed the osteon, and consists of a central canal surrounded by layers of bone.
  • Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E
  • The arrow in the figure is pointing to which of the following structures
  • The structures in the figure collectively form which structural unit of bone?
  • The area where blood vessels are penetrating the center of the bone used to be occupied by which tissue?
calcification of the cartilage matrixCalcification of the cartilage matrix leads to its deterioration and replacement by bone
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels
  • During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter B
  • During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter C?
  • Which of the following best describes the process shown in the figure?
calcium
  • Mechanical stress on weight-bearing bones plays a large part in bone remodeling. What single factor plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength?
  • Which of the following substances is NOT a component of the osteoid material secreted by the cells indicated by the arrow in panel A?
  • Remodeling a kitchen to add additional cabinets to existing ones also means adding extra support. In a similar respect, bone remodeling alters bone structure without adversely affecting bone strength. What divalent cation is required to create additional bone matrix support
  • Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
osteoblastsOsteoblasts ("bone makers") begin bone formation by secreting the bone matrix.
  • Classify the cells seen at the arrow in A.
  • What type of cell is shown at A
  • Which structure is seen at the arrow
  • Which step in the figure contains compact bone
The periosteum is composed of dense irregular connective tissue along with a layer of simple squamous epithelium
  • Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
  • Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E
  • Which of the following diseases would most likely be associated with a disorder at epiphyseal plate
  • Which of the following correctly pairs the structure at C with its primary component
A central (or Haversian) canal runs lengthwise at the center of each osteon
  • The blood vessels and nerve in the figure are found within which type of space
  • The arrow in the figure is pointing to which of the following structures
  • What bone-associated structures in panel C are indicated by the arrow?
  • The structures in the figure collectively form which structural unit of bone?
appositional growthGrowth in width involves the adding of layers of lamellar (compact) bone along the bone's outer surface. This process of growth by "layering" is termed appositional growth and is distinct from growth by expansion of the interior matrix (interstitial growth).
  • In which of the labeled parts of the adult long bone would hematopoietic tissue be located
  • During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter B
  • During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter D?
  • During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter C?
Hematopoietic tissue is found in the spaces within the red bone marrow found within certain body locations consisting of spongy bone. Examples include the diploe of flat bones and the proximal epiphyses of the femur and humerus (pictured).
  • Which of the following disorders is only associated with the type of bone shown in the figure?
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of the bone material at D but NOT of the material at B
  • In which of the labeled parts of the adult long bone would hematopoietic tissue be located
  • Which of the following best describes the process shown in the figure?
bone collar A collar of ossified tissue forms around the bone in the early stages of ossification.
  • What type of cell is shown at A
  • Which structure is seen at the arrow
  • Which step in the figure contains compact bone
  • Which bone-forming process is shown in the figure?
The cartilage models used to form bones are composed of hyaline cartilage. This tissue persists within the epiphyseal plate at the boundary between primary and secondary ossification centers until early adulthood.
  • epiphyseal Plate is composed primilaly of what kind of tissue
  • Which of the following correctly pairs the structure at C with its primary component
  • What material makes up most of the structure at A
  • Which of the following best describes the process shown in the figure?
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