representative heuristic
  • type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point
  • the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled
  • assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category.
  • heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference.
Lewis Terman
  • an educated guess based on experiences that help narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a "rule of thumb."
  • heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference.
  • 1877-1956. Cognitive psychologist well known for his longitudinal study of gifted children, affectionately referred to as Terman's Termites.
  • process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.
intelligence quotient (IQ)
  • a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.
  • the most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit"; superordinate refers to highest in status or standing
  • a number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100.
  • mental representations that stand in for objects or events and have a picturelike quality.
superordinate concept
  • the most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit"; superordinate refers to highest in status or standing
  • assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category.
  • the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
  • a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.
intellectual disability
  • the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
  • the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled
  • condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age; may also be referred to as developmentally delayed. This condition was formerly known as mental retardation.
  • type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point
creativity
  • the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.
  • an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept
  • the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence
  • the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
reliability
  • the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.
  • the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
  • the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past.
  • the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above
subordinate concept
  • the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.
  • the most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit"; superordinate refers to highest in status or standing
  • the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a pear in one's hand; subordinate refers to lowest in status or standing
  • the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled
algorithms
  • an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept
  • ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
  • very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems.
  • the degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure.
gifted
  • the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.
  • the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above
  • a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.
  • the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a pear in one's hand; subordinate refers to lowest in status or standing
morphemes
  • ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
  • the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence
  • the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.
  • the smallest units of meaning within a language
problem solving
  • problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found.
  • the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.
  • process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.
  • aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language.
concepts
  • concepts that are defined by specific rules or features
  • the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
  • the degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure.
  • ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
pragmatics
  • aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language.
  • process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.
  • an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept
  • an educated guess based on experiences that help narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a "rule of thumb."
thinking (cognition)
  • mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information, and communicating information to others.
  • the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
  • the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled
  • heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference.
s factor.
  • the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
  • the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.
  • the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence
  • the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving.
trial and error (mechanical solution)
  • the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a pear in one's hand; subordinate refers to lowest in status or standing
  • phonemes.
  • problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found.
  • type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point
divergent thinking
  • assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category.
  • type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point
  • heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference.
  • aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language.
validity
  • ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
  • the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.
  • the degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure.
  • the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.
practical intelligence
  • a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions.
  • the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful.
  • the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving.
  • the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.
natural concepts
  • concepts that are defined by specific rules or features
  • an example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized, such as "dog," "cat," or "pear."
  • concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world.
  • a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions.
formal concepts
  • concepts that are defined by specific rules or features
  • the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.
  • a class or category of objects, events, or activities.
  • the smallest units of meaning within a language
intelligence
  • the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving.
  • the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.
  • the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.
  • the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a pear in one's hand; subordinate refers to lowest in status or standing
emotional intelligence
  • mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information, and communicating information to others.
  • the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
  • a number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100.
  • the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled
linguistic relativity hypothesis
  • the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving.
  • the theory that thought processes and concepts are controlled by language.
  • the role a person's environment plays in his or her development.
  • a class or category of objects, events, or activities.
analytical intelligence
  • the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past.
  • the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled
  • the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving.
  • the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.
mental set
  • the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past.
  • mental representations that stand in for objects or events and have a picturelike quality.
  • the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
  • the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above
triarchic theory of intelligence
  • the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.
  • type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point
  • Sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical.
  • problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found.
grammar
  • a system of rules for combining words and phrases to form sentences.
  • a system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others.
  • the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.
  • the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences.
availability heuristic
  • assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category.
  • estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples
  • condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age; may also be referred to as developmentally delayed. This condition was formerly known as mental retardation.
  • the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled
basic level type
  • aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language.
  • the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
  • a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.
  • an example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized, such as "dog," "cat," or "pear."
creative intelligence
  • a system of rules for combining words and phrases to form sentences.
  • the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences.
  • the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.
  • the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems.
nurture
  • the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.
  • the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.
  • the role a person's environment plays in his or her development.
  • ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
functional fixedness
  • a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions.
  • the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a pear in one's hand; subordinate refers to lowest in status or standing
  • a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.
  • the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.
prototype
  • the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
  • an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept
  • aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language.
  • an example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized, such as "dog," "cat," or "pear."
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