Multiple Choice Questions

Area of Hypothalamus w/ receptor sites for male hormones esp active during male sexual behavior
  • Ventro-Medial Hypothalamus (VMH)
  • Medial Preoptic Area (MPOA)
  • Retino-Hypothalamic Path
  • Mediodorsal Thalamus
No deficits shown for this in H.M.
  • Gambling Task
  • Wernike's Area
  • Working memory
  • Pre-Optic Area
Deficit involving using irrelevant or made-up words
  • Nonsensical Speech
  • Corpus Callosum
  • Anomia
  • Conduction Aphasia
Area of Amygdala that promotes an attack when stimulated
  • Broca's Aphasia
  • Wernike's Aphasia
  • Corticomedial
  • Lateral
Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other for particular functions
  • Lateralization
  • Lateral
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Corpus Callosum
Chemical in fetal blood that prevents mother's hormones from entering fetal cells and masculinizing fetus
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Androgen Insensitive
  • Alpha-Fetoprotein
  • Adenosine
Neurotransmitter released by Periaqueductal Gray Area, suppresses potential for pain
  • Gaba
  • Endorphins
  • Glutamate
  • Hippocampus
Unlabored speech, with normal prosody as seen in Wenicke's area
  • Fluency
  • Hippocampus
  • Caffeine
  • Prolactin
Inhibitory NT, admits Cl- ions into cells. Agonists (Valium/Xanax) are used to combat anxiety
  • ENDORPHINS
  • GLUTAMATE
  • AMYGDALA
  • GABA
Area of Hypothalamus w/ receptor sites for female hormones, esp active during female sexual behavior
  • Sexually Diamorphic Nucleus (SDN)
  • Corticomedial
  • Ventro-Medial Hypothalamus (VMH)
  • Hippocampus and Mediodorsal Thalamus
Type of memory deficit most commonly associated with Korsakoffs syndrome; inability to generate new memories
  • Conduction Aphasia
  • Anterior Commisure
  • Paradoxical Sleep
  • Anterograde Amnesia
Type of aphasia associated with damage to Wernike's area
  • Broca's Area
  • Cerebellum and Striatum
  • Wernike's Aphasia
  • Corticomedial
Condition in which pons suppresses motor signals sent to Cord, so muscle action prohibited
  • PGO Wave
  • Interference
  • Atonia
  • REM Rebound
DNA transcribed to RNS translated to protein production that increases likelihood of neural activity
  • Pineal Gland
  • Wernike's Area
  • Closed Class
  • Genetic changes
NT whose low turnover level is associated w/ impulsiveness, aggression, and depression
  • Serotonin Turnover
  • Pre-Optic Area
  • Organizing/Activating
  • Lateral Interpositus
Areas of brain where Declarative memory has been well studied/described
  • Hippocampus
  • Global Pattern Recognition
  • Hippocampus and Mediodorsal Thalamus
  • Central and Basolateral
Structure in Pons whose functions include shutting off REM Sleep
  • Locus Coeruleus
  • Raphe Nuclei
  • Amygdala
  • Red Nucleus
Area of brain where well-learned voices, words are "stored"
  • Corticomedial
  • Hippocampus and Mediodorsal Thalamus
  • Dorsal Temporal Cortex
  • Periaqueductal Gray Area
"Net" from Medulla and Pons, for widespread arousal of Forebrain, esp Thalamus and Basal Forebrain
  • Reticular Formation
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
Co-activated neural circuits presumably involved in learning and retrieval of associations
  • Hebbian Cell Assemblies
  • Long term potentiation
  • Volitional Facial Paresis
  • Locus Coeruleus
Another name for REM due to it's contradictory nature (active, desynchronized brain but paralyzed body )
  • Urbache-Weithe
  • Androstenedione
  • Paradoxical Sleep
  • Korsakoffs Syndrome
Area associated with language comprehension
  • Wernike's Aphasia
  • Broca's Area
  • Wernike's Area
  • Corticomedial
Result of damage to Motor Cortex for facial region that involves a deficit in voluntarily showing teeth
  • Volitional Facial Paresis
  • Estrogen/Androgens
  • Lateral Interpositus
  • Corticomedial
Famous patient with damage to hippocampus and other temporal areas
  • Hippocampus
  • AMPA
  • Phineas Gage
  • H.M.
Two Gonadotropic hormones that stimulate development and behavior in both genders
  • Amygdala
  • LH & FSH
  • Estradiol
  • Melatonin
Type of learning/memory H.M. cannot form
  • Declarative
  • Place Cells
  • Confabulation
  • Beta Activity
Physical changes in cells involved in Hebbian Cell Assemblies. associated with learning
  • Global Pattern Recognition
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Alpha-Fetoprotein
  • Long term potentiation
Cognitive principle that like-disrupts-like (e.g. left hemisphere activated by language)
  • Phineas Gage
  • Interference
  • Content Terms
  • Beta Activity
Hormone released by Anterior Pituitary for refractory period in males and milk production in females
  • Frontal Cortex
  • Melatonin
  • Hippocampus
  • Prolactin
Class of reproductive hormones found in greater portion in females VS. in males
  • Neurogenesis
  • Estrogen/Androgens
  • Anterior Commisure
  • Phineas Gage
Chemical that builds up in cells, released as NT, inhibits release of ACh, promotes sleep
  • Caffeine
  • Endorphins
  • Adenosine
  • Melatonin
Theory that suggests emotion is an after-the-fact label we give to arousal and associated behavior
  • James-Lange
  • Caffeine
  • Cannon-Bard
  • Prolactin
Areas of Amygdala involved in Conditioned Fear and subsequent enhancement of Startle Reflex
  • Anterior Insular Cortex
  • Central and Basolateral
  • Hebbian Cell Assemblies
  • Anterograde Amnesia
Type of ion that blocks ion gate of NMDA
  • INAH3
  • GABA
  • Glutamate
  • Mg++
Male hormone released by female adrenal glands, stimulates secondary hair growth and sexual behavior
  • Androstenedione
  • Anti-Muellerian
  • Urbache-Weithe
  • Estradiol
EEG during Sleep 1, 4-7 Hz, Lower frequency, still quite irregular, somewhat more synchronized than Beta
  • Delta Activity
  • Confabulation
  • Testosterone
  • Theta Activity
Prefrontal assessment of a negative situation that one is powerless to affect. Can lead to Parasympathetic Rebound ulcers
  • Closed Class
  • Helplessness
  • Theta Activity
  • Hippocampus
Forebrain structure (Anterior and Dorsal to Hypothalamus) that modifies arousal in cortex
  • Reticular Formation
  • Hippocampus
  • Locus Coeruleus
  • Basal Forebrain
One type of difficulty in Broca's Aphasia; speech is slowed and halting
  • Anti-Muellerian
  • Articulation Difficulties
  • Global Pattern Recognition
  • Testes Determining Factor
Rare(except in hippocampus) generation of new neurons associated with learning
  • Red Nucleus
  • Pineal Gland
  • Androstenedione
  • Neurogenesis
Developed association between stimuli, especially involving an unconditioned response
  • Medial Preoptic Area (MPOA)
  • Reticular Formation
  • Paradoxical Sleep
  • Classical conditioning
During Sleep 2, 2 types of intermittent bursts of high frequency or voltage, as brain settles into deeper sleep
  • Retino-Hypothalamic Path
  • Planum Temporale
  • Spindle and K Complexes
  • Anterior Insular Cortex
Rule of Conditioning: Event associated with +/- reinforcement will/will not be repeated
  • Perforation
  • Law of Effect
  • Raphe Nuclei
  • Agrammatism
The fixed class of terms that organize syntactical relations such as prepositions, articles, conjunctions, etc.
  • Closed Class
  • Cannon-Bard
  • Helplessness
  • Place Cells
Developed association between stimulus and response
  • Left Hemisphere
  • Operance Conditioning
  • Match to Sample
  • Corpus Callosum
Excitatory NT associated with enhanced Startle Reflex
  • ACh
  • Oxytocin
  • CCK
  • AMPA
Neurotransmitter released by Basal Forebrain that increases cortical arousal
  • Gaba
  • ACh
  • Glutamate
  • Hippocampus
Enzyme produced by "switch" on male chromosome that leads to the development of gender
  • Long term potentiation
  • Testosterone
  • Reticular Formation
  • Testes Determining Factor
Part of SDN that is smaller both in females and in homosexual men
  • H.M.
  • GABA
  • INAH3
  • ACh
Aspect of working memory involving rehearsal that is probably important normal function of these conditions
  • Paradoxical Sleep
  • Phonological Loop
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Phonemic Paraphasia
Location in Hypothalamus of Circadian Clock
  • Prosopagnosia
  • Sign language Comprehension
  • Suprachiasmic Nucleus (SCN)
  • Articulation Difficulties
Neurotransmitter released by Locus Coeruleus, absent during dreams; Amphetamines are antagonists for these
  • Ach
  • Norepinepherine
  • Hippocampus
  • Glutamate
Famous Patient with damage to Frontal Cortex from a railway building accident
  • Hippocampus
  • Glutamate
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Phineas Gage
Theory: Emotion is interaction between cognitive appraisal and autonomic/limbic activity
  • Right Hemisphere
  • Arcuate Fasiculus
  • Lateralization
  • Schacter-Singer
Area near Basal Forebrain associated with the sensation of sexual pleasure
  • Nucleus Accumbens
  • Red Nucleus
  • Alpha Activity
  • Conduction Aphasia
Fibers that connect the areas involved in production and comprehension of speech
  • Arcuate Fasiculus
  • Hippocampus
  • Dendritic Branches
  • Corpus Callosum
One kind of change to dendrite structure that results in an increase in surface area and this of available sites
  • Lateral Interpositus
  • Dendritic Branches
  • Cognitive Map
  • Turner's Syndrome
Hemisphere dominant for most language processing
  • Anti-Muellerian
  • Beta Activity
  • Right Hemisphere
  • Left Hemisphere
Act by post-synaptic cell membrane that results in an increase in surface area and thus of available sites
  • Organizing/Activating
  • Estradiol
  • Prolactin
  • Perforation
MPOA includes this nucleus which is 2.5x larger in males than females
  • Ventro-Medial Hypothalamus (VMH)
  • Sexually Diamorphic Nucleus (SDN)
  • Sign Language Production
  • Sign language Comprehension
Stimulant that blocks receptors for Adenosine, allows continued cortical arousal
  • Adenosine
  • Arcuate Fasiculus
  • Wada Test
  • Caffeine
Result of damage to AIC involving deficit in ability to spontaneously smile
  • Mediodorsal Thalamus
  • Reticular Formation
  • Hebbian Cell Assemblies
  • Emotional Facial Paresis
Deficit in ability to recognize(remember) faces
  • Corticomedial
  • Gambling Task
  • Prosopagnosia
  • Parietal Lobe
Type of receptor site for Glutamate that is difficult to stimulate and often requires hypo-polarization
  • AMPA
  • NMDA
  • GABA
  • GLUTAMATE
Path of Optic Nerve of collateral that connects special visual receptors in eye directly to clock
  • Mediodorsal Thalamus
  • Retino-Hypothalamic Path
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Reticular Formation
Motor Skill; How to do it (peck a target, ride a bike)
  • Gambling Task
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Procedural
  • Neurogenesis
Another deficit involving word order and the use of syntax markers
  • Declarative
  • Lateralization
  • Agrammatism
  • Organizing/Activating
Area of Cortex associated with "working memory" especially when response delays are involved
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Planum Temporale
  • Fusiform Gyrus
  • Parietal Lobe
Hormones released by Hypothalamus causing Anterior Pituitary to release its reproductive hormones
  • Testosterone
  • Estradiol
  • Prolactin
  • GnRH
Limbic Structure that plays a role in learning such as "conditioned fear" and arousal in "taboo"
  • Spatial
  • Adenosine
  • Phineas Gage
  • Amygdala
Subsection of Cerebellum associated with conditioning of "eye blink" response
  • Turner's Syndrome
  • Lateral Interpositus
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Anterior Commisure
Neurotransmitter released by Nucleus Accumbens in response to sexual stimulation
  • Caffeine
  • Dopamine
  • Hippocampus
  • GABA
Condition in which genetic-male fetus does not respond to male hormones and thus develops as female
  • Estrogen/Androgens
  • Lateral Interpositus
  • Neurogenesis
  • Androgen Insensitive
Another term for sleep 3 &It's low frequency EEG and high synchronized activity
  • Alpha Activity
  • Paradoxical Sleep
  • Basal Forebrain
  • Slow Wave Sleep
Gland that produces a hormone that impacts on Hypothalamus to increase sleepiness
  • Content Terms
  • Mediodorsal Thalamus
  • Pineal Gland
  • Hippocampus
Area of brain associated with Inferior Temporal Cortex where presumably relevant data are stored
  • Planum Temporale
  • Turner's Syndrome
  • Fusiform Gyrus
  • Cerebellum and Striatum
EEG while awake/relaxed, 8-12 Hz, Very high frequency, somewhat more synchronized than Beta
  • Right Hemisphere
  • Alpha Activity
  • Locus Coeruleus
  • Lateralization
Types of cells found in hippocampus whose activity becomes associated with particular parts of a familiar environment
  • Closed Class
  • Hippocampus
  • Wolffian/Muellerian
  • Place Cells
Another male hormone that inhibits development of female system of internal ducts
  • Anti-Muellerian
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Androstenedione
  • Lateralization
Deficit in which similar sounding words, but with different meanings, are substituted during attempt to repeat
  • Pre-Optic Area
  • Phonemic Paraphasia
  • Norepinepherine
  • Closed Class
Effects of reproductive hormones on anatomy VS. on behavior
  • Organizing/Activating
  • Sign language Comprehension
  • Periaqueductal Gray Area
  • Perforation
Area in left temporal cortex larger in most humans(& in some other primates) associated with language processing
  • Paradoxical Sleep
  • Phonemic Paraphasia
  • Planum Temporale
  • Phonological Loop
Common task used in lab to assess risk aversion; tests anxiety
  • ACh & Glutamate
  • Lateralization
  • Gambling Task
  • Corticomedial
Aspect of language of the deaf NOT affected by damage to STS and Parietal Lobe
  • Hippocampus and Mediodorsal Thalamus
  • Sign language Comprehension
  • Dorsal Temporal Cortex
  • Global Pattern Recognition
Ventral, Medial area of anterior Temporal Lobes involved in facial expression and (taste) reaction of disgust
  • Anterior Insular Cortex
  • Emotional Facial Paresis
  • Wolffian/Muellerian
  • Dendritic Branches
Stage of sleep associated with dreams
  • Declarative
  • Retino-Hypothalamic Path
  • REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
  • Dorsal Temporal Cortex
Area of Amygdala responsible for the Startle Reflex
  • Spatial
  • Corticomedial
  • Central and Basolateral
  • Lateral
Deficit in one aspect of the "language of the deaf" associated with anomia
  • Global Pattern Recognition
  • Nonsensical Speech
  • Sign Language Production
  • Articulation Difficulties
Capacity to attribute mental states to others. Probably mediated by late-developing Prefrontal-Amygdala links
  • Theory of Mind
  • Pre-Optic Area
  • Dendritic Branches
  • Theta Activity
Main bundle of axons connecting two hemispheres
  • Corpus Callosum
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Hippocampus
  • Reticular Formation
EEG during sleep 3&4, < 4Hz in less& more than 50%, Very low frequency, high voltage, very synchronized
  • Fusiform Gyrus
  • Delta Activity
  • Paradoxical Sleep
  • Testosterone
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Multiple Choice Questions
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