Multiple Choice Questions

Pituitary dwarfism
  • Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone?
  • Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?
  • which hormone is thought thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in children and pregnant women?
  • Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
Hypoparathyroidism
  • which condition that if left untreated, progresses to respiratory paralysis and death?
  • Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene. then mRNA is synthesized.
  • Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to ?
  • What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?
Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.
  • How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
  • Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?
  • When blood glucose levels are high
Phosphorylate proteins. Phosphorylation can activate different proteins causing the response of the cell to water-soluble hormone.
  • Where is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesized?
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
  • What is the role of activated protein kinases?
hormonal stimuli. The anterior pituitary requires hormonal stimuli from the hypothalamus.
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
  • How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload.
  • Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?
  • Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? (a rare tumor) (epinephrine like symptoms)
  • Which enzymes are important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling?
Tropins, or tropic hormones.
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."
  • Hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands are called ?
The pancreas responds to high blood glucose levels by releasing insulin.
  • Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by ?
  • Body cells that respond to insulin include
  • When blood glucose levels are high
  • How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?
activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP
  • Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
  • Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?
  • Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?
  • Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating G proteins?
Negative feedback. negative feedback controls the levels of circulating thyroid hormone. If levels are high, negative feedback will decrease thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to some degree), thus decreasing the thyroid hormones.
  • What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
  • What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? (a rare tumor) (epinephrine like symptoms)
  • Which hormone is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
Prolactin (PL) stimulates the mammary glands of the breasts to produce milk.
  • Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
  • Which of the following hormones mainly serves to stimulate milk production by the breasts?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex?
The primary function of hormones is to alter cell activity by altering plasma membrane permeability or membrane potential, stimulating synthesis of enzymes or regulating molecules, activating or deactivating enzymes, inducing secretory activity, or stimulating mitosis.
  • What hormone promotes glycogen synthesis in liver and muscle
  • What is the primary function of hormones?
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
  • What is the role of activated protein kinases?
epinephrine
  • Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?
  • Which hormone is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
  • Which of the following hormones mainly serves to stimulate milk production by the breasts?
  • Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
Cells other than those that secrete it Somatostatin secreted by the pancreas acts locally on cells other than those that secrete it and is therefore referred to as a paracrine hormone.
  • Somatostatin secreted by the pancreas is considered paracrine because it acts on ?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
The hypothalamus.
  • Which is known to control the activity of the anterior pituitary, which has traditionally been called the "master endocrine gland."
  • Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • which hormone is thought thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in children and pregnant women?
The brain.
  • Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones?
  • As blood levels of __________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth.
  • What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
  • Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT ?
plasma membrane receptors. Water-soluble hormones bind to specific receptors in the plasma membrane, whereas steroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic receptors.
  • Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
  • Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to ?
  • What is the role of activated protein kinases?
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
  • PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
  • Body cells that respond to insulin include
  • Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?
  • A liver cell responds to insulin by
cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone
  • Glucocortacoids regulate metabolism consist of
  • What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland?
  • Which hormone can indirectly control insulin release?
  • How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?
epinephrine. epinephrine is part of the immediate or rapid response to stress. Epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla as a result of the increase in the sympathetic nervous system. In fact, the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla act like modified postganglionic neurons.
  • Which hormone is involved in diabetes mellitus (DM)?
  • Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?
  • Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
  • Which hormone is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
  • What is the primary function of hormones?
  • A liver cell responds to insulin by
  • Which hormone can indirectly control insulin release?
an increase in the parathyroid hormone Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by a severe increase in the parathyroid hormone.
  • Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by ?
  • The magnification of the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in what ?
  • Hypocalcemia could be caused by the ?
  • What is the primary function of hormones?
melatonin. Melatonin, which is released from the pineal gland, increases during darkness, making you drowsy.
  • Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
  • What amine hormone helps coordinate body activities with the light-dark cycle
oxytocin OXY
  • Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
  • Which of the following hormones mainly serves to stimulate milk production by the breasts?
  • Which of the following hormones stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids that help the body to resist stressors?
Type 1
  • Which of the following is a hypoglycemic hormone?
  • When blood glucose levels are high
  • What is the primary function of hormones?
  • What type of diabetes produces no insulin?
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). ANP is synthesized in the atrium and increases excretion of sodium and water from the kidneys.
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
  • Which hormone is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
  • Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?
  • What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?
Thyroid hormone (lipid soluble). thyroid hormones are lipid soluble and their receptors are bound to the response elements of the DNA.
  • Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium ion levels?
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
  • Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?
C cells (parafollicular cells) in the thyroid gland. The C cells produce calcitonin, a peptide hormone that does not have a known physiological role in humans
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
  • Calcitonin is secreted by which cells
  • Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by ?
  • Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
Type 2
  • Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
  • What type of diabetes is insulin present but target cells don't take up glucose?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
blood pressure. Cushing's syndrome results from excessive exposure to the hormone cortisol. Cortisol increases blood pressure by increasing the sensitivity of the blood vessels to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Aldosteronism occurs due to oversecretion of aldosterone. One function of aldosterone is to indirectly stimulate the reabsorbtion of water from the kidney tubule cells into the systemic circulation. This process increases blood volume and thus blood pressure.
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
  • Glucocortacoids regulate metabolism consist of
  • Cushing's syndrome and aldosteronism have the same effects on ?
decreased insulin secretion. Insulin decreases plasma glucose and during stress we need an increase in plasma glucose as well as other body fuels. Therefore, insulin secretion would be decreased, in turn increasing plasma glucose.
  • Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?
  • Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor?
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
  • In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?
Anterior Pituitary. The anterior pituitary is a master gland, producing many hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, and several other hormones that stimulate other glands in the body.
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • Where is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesized?
  • What is the role of activated protein kinases?
hyposecretion of dopamine. Dopamine functions as a prolactin-release-inhibiting hormone (PIH).
  • Hyperprolactinemia may be caused by ?
  • How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?
  • Hypocalcemia could be caused by the ?
  • The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Which is the situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present.
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex?
  • Which of the following is a hypoglycemic hormone?
  • Which of the following hormones stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids that help the body to resist stressors?
release of glucagon by the pancreatic islets
  • Which hormone can indirectly control insulin release?
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
  • Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
heart palpitations. Due to the increase in epinephrine, heart rate would be increased and you would feel like your heart was pounding or racing.
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
  • Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?
  • Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to ?
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
activation of mRNA, which increases protein synthesis in the cell. lipid-soluble hormones diffuse into the nucleus or they diffuse into the cytoplasm and then move into the nucleus, where they affect transcription and translation.
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
  • What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones?
  • Aldosteronism will cause ?
  • What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?
It is by this portal system that releasing and inhibiting hormones secreted by neurons in the ventral hypothalamus circulate to the adenohypophysis, where they regulate secretion of its hormones.
  • The sympathetic nervous system directly stimulates which of the following amine hormones
  • One can predict that a person suffering from diabetes mellitus would probably have
  • After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?
  • The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the?
Liver cells.
  • What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
  • Body cells that respond to insulin include
  • What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
Thyroid hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone and affects virtually every cell in the body.
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
  • Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium ion levels?
  • Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
glucocorticoids. Essential to life, the glucocorticoids increase blood glucose levels and help us to resist stressors.
  • Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating G proteins?
  • Which hormone(s) is/are essential to our ability to deal with stress?
  • Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
  • The sympathetic nervous system directly stimulates which of the following amine hormones
increased secretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a lack of insulin in the body. Insulin functions to lower blood glucose levels by enhancing the transport of glucose from the systemic circulation into cells. ADH is secreted in response to high blood osmolarity (too high solutes or too little water) in the blood. This hormone functions to increase the resorption of water by the kidneys, which dilutes the blood.
  • One can predict that a person suffering from diabetes mellitus would probably have
  • Which pancreatic hormone functions to lower blood glucose levels?
  • In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?
  • Condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."
Phosphodiesterase degrades cyclic AMP into AMP.
  • A liver cell responds to insulin by
  • Cyclic AMP is degraded by ?
  • Which enzymes are important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling?
  • Hormone homeostasis diagram
Oxytocin. Suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
  • Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium ion levels?
  • Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex?
Heat palpitations
  • Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?
  • Which is the situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present.
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? (a rare tumor) (epinephrine like symptoms)
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?
Phosphoidesterase. Phosphodiesterase is an intracellular enzyme that degrades cAMP.
  • Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium ion levels?
  • Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations:
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
  • Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone?
synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.
  • Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium ion levels?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
  • Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer, after general anesthesia , after neurosurgery
  • Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations:
  • Hyperprolactinemia may be caused by ?
  • What amine hormone helps coordinate body activities with the light-dark cycle
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
Humoral stimuli. Some endocrine glands secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients. These stimuli are called humoral stimuli to distinguish them from hormonal stimuli, which are also bloodborne chemicals.
  • The stimuli causing endocrine glands to secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients are called what?
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
  • What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?
  • What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?
Permissiveness
  • Which is the situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present.
  • What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?
  • Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? (a rare tumor) (epinephrine like symptoms)
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
IPInositol trisphosphate releases calcium from intracellular storage sites.
  • Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone?
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
  • Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum?
  • Which of the following hormones mainly serves to stimulate milk production by the breasts?
Pancreas
  • PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
  • which hormone is thought thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in children and pregnant women?
  • What produces insulin
  • What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
phosphodiesterase. The increase in cAMP levels is usually short-lived because the enzyme phosphodiesterase is constantly present in the cytoplasm of the target cells.
  • Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum?
  • Which enzymes are important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling?
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
  • Which hormone is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
Calcitriol. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates Vitamin D into calcitriol in the kidney. Calcitriol then increases absorption of calcium in the intestine.
  • Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex?
  • Which hormone is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?
  • Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
cAMP in the cytoplasm. Many cAMP can be generated as a second messenger to amplify the signal in response to hormone binding.
  • Somatostatin secreted by the pancreas is considered paracrine because it acts on ?
  • What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.
  • What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
  • The magnification of the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in what ?
Cushing's disease
  • What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
  • Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."
  • Condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."
  • Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex
Negative feedback, endocrine cell, hormone, blood vessel
  • What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?
  • PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
  • Hormone homeostasis diagram
  • Body cells that respond to insulin include
water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine. Peptides and catecholamines are water-soluble hormones that cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane.
  • What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
  • Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?
  • What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?
  • What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?
chaperone proteins (chaperonins). Each receptor has two binding sites. The chaperone protein blocks the DNA binding site until a hormone binds at the hormone binding site.
  • What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
  • What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose
  • What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?
  • What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?
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Multiple Choice Questions
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