Multiple Choice Questions

Which one of the following statements concerning Earth's magnetic field is true?
  • At high latitudes, the force lines intersect Earth's surface at steep angles.
  • Mechanical weathering involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material.
  • Sheet erosion, rills, and arroyos or gullies develop mainly during prolonged droughts.
  • Humus is readily leached from the B horizon in weakly acidic soil solutions.
Which of the following includes the zone called the "asthenosphere"?
  • upper mantle
  • outer core
  • Calcite
  • mantle
Why is the humus layer typically thicker in a cool, temperate forest soil than in a tropical rainforest soil?
  • Mineral subtraction or eluviation is the removal of very fine-sized silt and clay particles from the A and E soil horizons.
  • Less humus is produced in the cool, temperate forest but the rate of decay and oxidation is slower than in a tropical rainforest.
  • Mechanical weathering involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material.
  • Erosion is the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere.
During the 1930s, the United States suffered its greatest natural catastrophe. What great natural disaster affected both the farmers and the urbanites and led to the creation of the Soil Conservation Service?
  • mass wasting
  • The dust bowl
  • The corners
  • Frost wedging
What causes Earth's magnetic field?
  • P waves travel faster in the inner core than in the outer core.
  • Mineral subtraction or eluviation is the removal of very fine-sized silt and clay particles from the A and E soil horizons.
  • Weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions of molten iron in the outer core causes Earth's magnetic field.
  • Refraction of P waves crossing the mantle-outer core boundary
Which term describes a soil formed by weathering of the underlying bedrock?
  • Residual
  • mantle
  • peridotite
  • mass wasting
Which of the following describes Earths magnetic field/
  • Mineral subtraction or eluviation is the removal of very fine-sized silt and clay particles from the A and E soil horizons.
  • Erosion is the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere.
  • Humus is readily leached from the B horizon in weakly acidic soil solutions.
  • Earth's magnetic field is a self-generating and self-reversing dynamo in the outer core.
What two factors speed up rates of chemical reaction and weathering in rocks and soils?
  • Crystalline iron and nickel
  • Precipitation of iron oxides during the chemical weathering process
  • Warm rock rises as narrow pipe-like plumes.
  • warm temperatures; abundant moisture
Which of Earth's layers is marked at its top by the Mohorovivic discontinuity?
  • upper mantle
  • Calcite
  • mantle
  • outer core
Which term best describes all the processes that move weathered rock materials and soil downslopes?
  • Frost wedging
  • mass wasting
  • Residual
  • peridotite
Assume that water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting. Which of the following statement is true?
  • Precipitation of iron oxides during the chemical weathering process
  • Less humus is produced in the cool, temperate forest but the rate of decay and oxidation is slower than in a tropical rainforest.
  • At high latitudes, the force lines intersect Earth's surface at steep angles.
  • Water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart.
Which of the following best describes sets of fractures in relatively fresh bedrock, such as granite, that are roughly parallel to the land surface?
  • upper mantle
  • Basalt and gabbro
  • sheeting fractures
  • Crystalline iron and nickel
which layer of earth is very dense and solid and consists most likely of an iron-rich alloy?
  • The corners
  • outer core
  • peridotite
  • inner core
Which one of the following statements concerning soil erosion is not true?
  • At high latitudes, the force lines intersect Earth's surface at steep angles.
  • Humus is readily leached from the B horizon in weakly acidic soil solutions.
  • Sheet erosion, rills, and arroyos or gullies develop mainly during prolonged droughts.
  • Mechanical weathering involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material.
What is the upper layer of the lithosphere called?
  • Calcite
  • P waves travel faster in the inner core than in the outer core.
  • Crystalline iron and nickel
  • crust
which of the following are probably major components of earths inner core?
  • Mineral subtraction or eluviation is the removal of very fine-sized silt and clay particles from the A and E soil horizons.
  • Mechanical weathering involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material.
  • Warm rock rises as narrow pipe-like plumes.
  • Crystalline iron and nickel
Which of the following is the result of convection within the mantle?
  • Humus is readily leached from the B horizon in weakly acidic soil solutions.
  • Crystalline iron and nickel
  • A zone of softened peridotite in the upper mantle
  • Warm rock rises as narrow pipe-like plumes.
What portion of an angular, fracture-bounded granitic block shows the highest rate of weathering?
  • mass wasting
  • inner core
  • The corners
  • outer core
Which of the following materials is/ are most susceptible to chemical weathering by dissolution?
  • Crystalline iron and nickel
  • Calcite
  • Basalt and gabbro
  • peridotite
What causes the P- wave shadow zone?
  • A zone of softened peridotite in the upper mantle
  • Refraction of P waves crossing the mantle-outer core boundary
  • Precipitation of iron oxides during the chemical weathering process
  • Weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions of molten iron in the outer core causes Earth's magnetic field.
which one the following best characterizes the asthenosphere?
  • A zone of softened peridotite in the upper mantle
  • Warm rock rises as narrow pipe-like plumes.
  • Humus is readily leached from the B horizon in weakly acidic soil solutions.
  • Earth's magnetic field is a self-generating and self-reversing dynamo in the outer core.
which of the following best characterizes how the diameter of earth's core and the nature of the outer core were discovered?
  • Warm rock rises as narrow pipe-like plumes.
  • Humus is readily leached from the B horizon in weakly acidic soil solutions.
  • sheeting fractures
  • Through analysis of the P-wave and S-wave shadow zones
Which layer of Earth does not transmit S waves?
  • outer core
  • Talus slopes
  • upper mantle
  • peridotite
Which structure in Earth is thought to be caused by a change in the mineral structure of olivine?
  • Through analysis of the P-wave and S-wave shadow zones
  • A zone of softened peridotite in the upper mantle
  • Warm rock rises as narrow pipe-like plumes.
  • The 660-km-depth discontinuity or transition zone
Which regolith material results from frost wedging?
  • mass wasting
  • outer core
  • upper mantle
  • Talus slopes
Which of the following statements best describes erosion?
  • Humus is readily leached from the B horizon in weakly acidic soil solutions.
  • Erosion is the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere.
  • Earth's magnetic field is a self-generating and self-reversing dynamo in the outer core.
  • Mineral subtraction or eluviation is the removal of very fine-sized silt and clay particles from the A and E soil horizons.
which layer of earth has the smallest volume?
  • crust
  • outer core
  • Talus slopes
  • inner core
which layer of earth transmits P earthquake waves but not S earthquake waves?
  • The corners
  • upper mantle
  • outer core
  • inner core
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Multiple Choice Questions
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