Multiple Choice Questions

Joints in the landscape:
  • Limestone weathers rapidly in wet climates but can form cliffs in dry ones.
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
  • -Weathering affects rocks from the outside in, forming an outer weathered zone or rind.-Weathering attacks corners from three sides and so these are preferentially removed.-Preferential weathering along fractures can cause blocks to become rounded.
  • -mostly form at depth and are uplifted to the surface.-can detach thin slices of rock parallel to the land surface.-cause highly jointed areas to be less resistant to weathering than more jointed ones.
What is the main force involved in the stability of slopes?
  • Limestone.
  • Gravity
  • Earth flow
  • Weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty.
Which of the following does not commonly occur when dark-colored mafic rocks weather?
  • The climate in which the failure occurs
  • Soil and other weathering products tend to accumulate more on gentle slopes than on steep slopes.
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
  • Some minerals weather at different rate than other minerals.
Some rocks and minerals are not stable at the surface because:
  • -they are exposed to water.-they formed in high-temperature environments.-they formed in high-pressure environments.-they are exposed to oxygen.
  • -Talus slope.-Some slopes of sand dunes.-Angle of slopes on scoria cones.
  • Rocks that are broken have more surface area and so weather faster.
  • -Orientation of beds and other geologic structures-Masses of rock fragments that are unusual for an area-Hummocky topography
Which of the following factors is typically not used to classify slope failures?
  • All these are true about how weathering affects fractured rocks.
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
  • Some minerals weather at different rate than other minerals.
  • The climate in which the failure occurs
Which state would most likely have the highest rate of chemical weathering?
  • Florida.
  • The USGS discovered all these features and processes.
  • Florida
  • Creep
If you were designing a rock that resisted weathering, which of the following characteristics would it have?
  • Oxidation
  • A quartz-rich rock
  • Hydrolysis
  • Age of failure
Which of the following factors favors movement of a rock slide?
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
  • Limestone weathers rapidly in wet climates but can form cliffs in dry ones.
  • All these factors result in high potential for slope failure.
  • A valley or other open space downslope from the rock slide
What events caused so much damage along the north coast of Venezuela in 1999?
  • -Orientation of beds and other geologic structures-Masses of rock fragments that are unusual for an area-Hummocky topography
  • Torrential rains caused debris flows and flash floods that raced through cities.
  • Weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty.
  • -Overloading of sediment-An earthquake-A volcanic eruption- A large storm
Which of the following can we use to recognize prehistoric slope failures?
  • Soil and other weathering products tend to accumulate more on gentle slopes than on steep slopes.
  • -Weathering affects rocks from the outside in, forming an outer weathered zone or rind.-Weathering attacks corners from three sides and so these are preferentially removed.-Preferential weathering along fractures can cause blocks to become rounded.
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
  • -Orientation of beds and other geologic structures-Masses of rock fragments that are unusual for an area-Hummocky topography
Compared to a gentle slope, a steep slope will have a:
  • slower rate of soil formation and less soil.Correct
  • Weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty.
  • The rocks are folded, faulted, and weathered.
  • secreting oxalic acid, which dissolves carbonates particularly well.
All other factors being equal, a slope facing away from the Sun will tend to have:
  • faster soil formation than the slope in direct sunlight, primarily because chemical weathering processes will be accelerated.
  • -they are exposed to water.-they formed in high-temperature environments.-they formed in high-pressure environments.-they are exposed to oxygen.
  • Torrential rains caused debris flows and flash floods that raced through cities.
  • -Weathering affects rocks from the outside in, forming an outer weathered zone or rind.-Weathering attacks corners from three sides and so these are preferentially removed.-Preferential weathering along fractures can cause blocks to become rounded.
What is the main reason why the oceans are salty?
  • The rocks are folded, faulted, and weathered.
  • -Overloading of sediment-An earthquake-A volcanic eruption- A large storm
  • -Weathering affects rocks from the outside in, forming an outer weathered zone or rind.-Weathering attacks corners from three sides and so these are preferentially removed.-Preferential weathering along fractures can cause blocks to become rounded.
  • Weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty.
Which of the following features is formed by the collapse of caves?
  • Florida
  • Oxidation
  • Sinkhole
  • Sinkholes
What rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock?
  • Limestone weathers rapidly in wet climates but can form cliffs in dry ones.
  • Limestone.
  • Earth flow
  • Oxidation
Which of the following is probably not important in assessing an area's potential for slope failure?
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
  • -Comparing the geologic setting to adjacent areas that have or have not failed.-Whether the material is loose sediment or solid bedrock.-Recent changes in slope.-The orientation of layering and fractures.
  • Some minerals weather at different rate than other minerals.
  • Rock avalanche
Piles of broken, angular rock that have weathered and tumbled downhillaccumulate in __________ slopes.
  • Sinkholes
  • Creep
  • Hydrolysis
  • talus
Which of the following generally is true about caves formed by dissolution?
  • Creep
  • -Orientation of beds and other geologic structures-Masses of rock fragments that are unusual for an area-Hummocky topography
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
  • Soil and other weathering products tend to accumulate more on gentle slopes than on steep slopes.
Which of the following is the best indication that limestone caves could be present at depth?
  • Sinkholes
  • Hydrolysis
  • Rock avalanche
  • Earth flow
Which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties?
  • The angle of repose for intact bedrock
  • Rock avalanche
  • Creep
  • Thermal expansion
Which of the following are true about factors that influence weathering?
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
  • -Orientation of beds and other geologic structures-Masses of rock fragments that are unusual for an area-Hummocky topography
  • Some minerals weather at different rate than other minerals.
  • Soil and other weathering products tend to accumulate more on gentle slopes than on steep slopes.
Which of the following is not used to classify slope failures?
  • Rock avalanche
  • Earth flow
  • Thermal expansion
  • Age of failure
Plant roots play a special role in chemical weathering by:
  • secreting oxalic acid, which dissolves carbonates particularly well.
  • -Overloading of sediment-An earthquake-A volcanic eruption- A large storm
  • producing carbon dioxide which mixes with water to form carbonic acid.
  • Rocks that are broken have more surface area and so weather faster.
What happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured?
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
  • Torrential rains caused debris flows and flash floods that raced through cities.
  • The rocks are folded, faulted, and weathered.
  • The surface area increases as the rock is fractured.
Which of the following slope failures moves at the slowest rate?
  • Florida
  • The angle of repose for intact bedrock
  • Sinkholes
  • Earth flow
Which of the following is true about how weathering affects fractured rocks?
  • -Orientation of beds and other geologic structures-Masses of rock fragments that are unusual for an area-Hummocky topography
  • -Large blocks fall from cliffs-Rocks, soil, sediment, and ice slides down steep hillsides-Pieces of loose rock accumulate on talus slopes until the angle becomes too steep-Soil and other loose material can flow rapidly down slopes, forming debris flows
  • -Weathering affects rocks from the outside in, forming an outer weathered zone or rind.-Weathering attacks corners from three sides and so these are preferentially removed.-Preferential weathering along fractures can cause blocks to become rounded.
  • The angle of repose for intact bedrock
The USGS evaluated the age of different parts of the Slumgullion feature by:
  • The climate in which the failure occurs
  • examining the development of soil.
  • A slow-moving earth flow
  • The angle of repose for intact bedrock
Which of the following factors does not control the stability of a slope?
  • All these are true about how weathering affects fractured rocks.
  • The angle of repose for intact bedrock
  • The climate in which the failure occurs
  • -Sinkhole-Karst topography-Cave
Which of the following weathering processes results in the reddish orange coating on rocks, in soils, and on metal (rust)?
  • Sinkholes
  • Rock avalanche
  • Hydrolysis
  • Oxidation
Why is the Appalachian Mountains area at high risk for landslides?
  • The surface area increases as the rock is fractured.
  • The rocks are folded, faulted, and weathered.
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
  • All these are true about how weathering affects fractured rocks.
Slope failures occur in all of the following locations except for:
  • slope failures occur in all these locations.
  • The rocks are folded, faulted, and weathered.
  • slower rate of soil formation and less soil.Correct
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
Where does the quartz in granite typically end up?
  • The rocks are folded, faulted, and weathered.
  • It ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches.
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
  • All these are true about how weathering affects fractured rocks.
Which of the following has the lowest potential for landslides?
  • Age of failure
  • Florida
  • Sinkhole
  • Florida.
Which of the following processes is NOT physical weathering?
  • Age of failure
  • Thermal expansion
  • Oxidation
  • Florida
Lichens play a special role in chemical weathering by:
  • producing carbon dioxide which mixes with water to form carbonic acid.
  • Limestone weathers rapidly in wet climates but can form cliffs in dry ones.
  • Weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty.
  • secreting oxalic acid, which dissolves carbonates particularly well.
What is a possible trigger for a submarine slope failure?
  • Minerals, especially those with iron, combine with oxygen.
  • -Talus slope.-Some slopes of sand dunes.-Angle of slopes on scoria cones.
  • The roof of a cave collapses
  • -Overloading of sediment-An earthquake-A volcanic eruption- A large storm
Which sequence of events is required to form a limestone cave where you can walk around and observe cave formations, such as stalactites?
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
  • Limestone is below the water table, then lowering of the water table, then water dripping from the ceiling
  • Limestone weathers rapidly in wet climates but can form cliffs in dry ones.
  • Some minerals weather at different rate than other minerals.
Which of the following factors caused some high peaks of the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest to have high potential for slope failure?
  • All these factors result in high potential for slope failure.
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
  • The climate in which the failure occurs
  • Limestone weathers rapidly in wet climates but can form cliffs in dry ones.
What is a common rock that is readily dissolved by water and weak acids?
  • Limestone.
  • Oxidation
  • Rock type.
  • Earth flow
Which of the following is a way slopes fail?
  • -Orientation of beds and other geologic structures-Masses of rock fragments that are unusual for an area-Hummocky topography
  • -Weathering affects rocks from the outside in, forming an outer weathered zone or rind.-Weathering attacks corners from three sides and so these are preferentially removed.-Preferential weathering along fractures can cause blocks to become rounded.
  • -Large blocks fall from cliffs-Rocks, soil, sediment, and ice slides down steep hillsides-Pieces of loose rock accumulate on talus slopes until the angle becomes too steep-Soil and other loose material can flow rapidly down slopes, forming debris flows
  • -Comparing the geologic setting to adjacent areas that have or have not failed.-Whether the material is loose sediment or solid bedrock.-Recent changes in slope.-The orientation of layering and fractures.
Which of the following features is not formed by precipitation of calcite from water?
  • Some minerals weather at different rate than other minerals.
  • Sinkhole
  • Sinkholes
  • Rock avalanche
Which of the three chemical weathering processes involves the combination of a mineral with water to form a new mineral?
  • Hydrolysis
  • Earth flow
  • Age of failure
  • Sinkhole
What should have warned the people of coastal Venezuela that they were in a hazardous zone?
  • All these should have served as warnings.
  • The climate in which the failure occurs
  • Groundwater removes material from limestone.
  • All these are true about how weathering affects fractured rocks.
Which of the following features is composed of calcium carbonate?
  • -Talus slope.-Some slopes of sand dunes.-Angle of slopes on scoria cones.
  • Limestone weathers rapidly in wet climates but can form cliffs in dry ones.
  • Some minerals weather at different rate than other minerals.
  • -Limestone-Travertine-Cave formations like stalagmites
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Multiple Choice Questions
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