Multiple Choice Questions

After Van Buren was defeated in the election of 1840 by William Henry Harrison, the Independent Treasury System was repealed. However, when Polk was elected in 1844, he brought back the Independent Treasury System. This intensified the divisions between the Whigs and Democrats.
  • Battle Of Buena Vista
  • Webster Ashburton Treaty
  • Independent Treasury System, Polk
  • Independent Treasury System, Van Buren
he Aroostook War was a boundary dispute between settlers in Maine and New Brunswick from 1838 toFull-scale war was avoided through an agreement in 1839, and the issue was settled by Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842.
  • Aroostook War
  • Battle Of Buena Vista
  • Mexican War
  • Webster Ashburton Treaty
The Willamette Valley was an area of fertile farmland in the Oregon Territory which attracted large numbers of farmers in the 1830s and 1840s, especially those from the Mississippi River Valley. Reports of the abundance of this land sparked the movement of many pioneers to the West Coast.
  • Caroline Affair
  • Willamette Valley
  • Oregon Trail
  • John Jacob Astor
Polk was a slaveowning southerner dedicated to Democratic party. In 1844, he was a "dark horse" candidate for president, and he won the election. Polk favored American expansion, especially advocating the annexation of Texas, California, and Oregon. He was a friend and follower of Andrew Jackson. He opposed Clay's American System, instead advocating lower tariff, separation the treasury and the federal government from the banking system. He was a nationalist who believed in Manifest Destiny.
  • Joseph Smith
  • Stephen Kearney
  • James K. Polk
  • Brigham Young
The American steamboat, the Caroline, was being used by Canadian rebels when it was attacked by the government of Canada in late 1837 in American waters. In 1842 Daniel Webster asked for an apology from British government. The event heightened tensions between the United States and Britain, but this tension was soon eased.
  • Stephen Kearney
  • Caroline Affair
  • Mexican Cession
  • Oregon Trail
Prior to 1846, America and Great Britain had jointly occupied the Oregon Country. However, in 1844, Polk began to demand that America obtain the entire territory. In compromise, a treaty was signed in 1846 giving the United States all of Oregon south of the 49th parallel.
  • Willamette Valley
  • John Jacob Astor
  • Reannexation of Oregon
  • Stephen Kearney
Fremont was an explorer, soldier, and politician known as "the Great Pathfinder." In 1846, he assisted in the annexation of California by capturing insurgents, seizing the city of Sonoma, and declaring the independence of the "Bear Flag Republic." In 1856, Fremont became the first presidential candidate for the Republican party.
  • Joseph Smith
  • Horace Greeley
  • Slidell Mission to Mexico
  • John C. Fremont
The Walker tariff was created by Robert J. Walker, Polk's secretary of the treasury, inThe bill slashed all duties to the minimum necessary for revenue. It also reversed the trend of replacing certain specifics for ad value duties and dropped the minimum valuation principle. The tariff was signed July 30, 1846.
  • Walker Tariff, 1946
  • Walker Tariff, 1836
  • Walker Tariff, 1846
  • Walker Tariff, 1746
The Mexican Cession was the land that Mexico ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo inThis territory included California, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Texas, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. The addition of so much land to the United States exacerbated conflict over the expansion of slavery because some Northerners feared that the extension of slavery into California and New Mexico would deter free laborers from settling there.
  • Oregon Territory
  • Oregon Trail
  • Mexican Cession
  • Louisiana Purchase
n the election of 1844, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay. The Democrats, however, were divided between Martin Van Buren and Lewis Cass. A deadlock at the Democratic national convention resulted in the nomination of dark-horse candidate James K. Polk. The Liberty party, consisting of a small group of northern antislavery Whigs who were alienated by Clay's indecisiveness, nominated James G. Birney. Also, large numbers of Irish immigrants turned out to vote for Polk, and he won by a small margin.
  • Walker Tariff, 1846
  • election of 1848
  • 54 40 or Fight!
  • Election of 1844
oseph Smith was the founder of the Mormon church. He translated the Book of Mormon in 1827, after which, he and his followers set up a model city and temple in Nauvoo, Illinois. Smith saw himself as a prophet, increasing the negative sentiment towards Mormonism. After being charged with treason and jailed, he was killed by a mob in 1844.
  • Joseph Smith
  • James K. Polk
  • John Jacob Astor
  • Brigham Young
During the 1830s and 1840s, many Americans traveled to the Oregon Territory in order to start a new life. The fertile farmland available in the Willamette Valley attracted many farmers. People in the East heard exaggerated, enthusiastic reports from missionaries and pioneers, convincing them that Oregon was a "pioneer's paradise." Many settlers traveled to Oregon overland by way of the Oregon Trail or around Cape Horn in the newly invented clipper ships. This was an important part of westward expansion.
  • Mormons
  • Oregon Fever
  • Oregon Territory
  • Oregon Trail
John Sutter was granted 49,000 acres of land by the Mexican government in 1834 and established a sawmill on the land inIn 1848, he discovered gold. This discovery led to the onset of the California Gold Rush. Land squatters disputed over Sutter's land claims and, subsequently, Sutter's holdings were found invalid by the Supreme Court.
  • Brigham Young
  • James K. Polk
  • John Sutter
  • Joseph Smith
n the election of 1844, Polk used "54° 40' or Fight!" as a campaign slogan, implying that the he would declare war if Britain did not give the United States all the Oregon territory up to its northern boundary, the line 54° 40' N. latitude. However, in 1846 Polk agreed to negotiate, and the two countries divided Oregon at the 49th parallel.
  • John Jacob Astor
  • Oregon Trail
  • 54 40 or Fight!
  • Caroline Affair
Many Senators in Congress wanted the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to include all of Mexico, because they believed that to have control of all of Mexico would give the United States more power. However, this movement failed because the acquisition of California and her ports satisfied Polk.
  • Oregon Territory
  • Reoccupation Of Texas
  • All Mexico Movement
  • Battle Of Buena Vista
After Congress voted to annex Texas, the Mexican governmen began war preparations when Texans accepted annexation. In response, Polk sent troops to occupy Texas and the disputed territory south of the Nueces River. Polk believed that the land was part of the Louisiana Purchase, and therefore it belonged to the United States.
  • Oregon Territory
  • Reoccupation of Texas
  • All Mexico Movement
  • Battle of Buena Vista
The Oregon Trail was an overland route to the Oregon territory, stretching almost 2,000 miles from Independence, Missouri to the Willamette Valley. The pioneers who traveled this trail in wagon trains faced many dangers. It is estimated that about 11,500 emigrants used overland trails like the Oregon Trail to reach Oregon between 1840 and1848.
  • Mexican War
  • Oregon Territory
  • Oregon Trail
  • Mexican Cession
The Mexican war lasted from 1846 toThe main cause of the war was American desire for territory, especially Texas and California. The war took place mainly on Mexican soil. Partially because of disorganization and instability in the Mexican government, the war resulted in and American victory. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the war, made the southern boundary of Texas the Rio Grande, gave California and New Mexico to the United States, and gave $15 million to Mexico in compensation.
  • Mexican War
  • Mexican Cession
  • Battle Of Buena Vista
  • Oregon Trail
Cass, Taylor: Zachary Taylor was the Whig candidate in the election of 1848, and his platform was based solely on personal popularity because he was a war hero.; Lewis Cass was the Democratic candidate. Both parties avoided making the issue of slavery a campaign issue. Taylor won election on his popularity.
  • Election of 1844
  • election of 1848
  • Stephen Kearney
  • Caroline Affair
Trist was the chief clerk of state department and a peace officer. He was sent to Mexico by Polk to negotiate with Mexican president Herrera. They wanted Trist to convince Herrera to lower the price he was asking for California and to give Americans the right of movement over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. In 1846, Herrera rejected the offer.
  • Slidell Mission To Mexico
  • Mexican Cession
  • James K. Polk
  • Nicholas Trist
In 1843, Tyler started a campaign to annex Texas, and in 1844 he succeeded in sending a treaty to Congress for the annexation. This treaty was defeated in the Senate, but later, in early 1845, Congress passed a joint resolution to annex Texas because of the growing popularity of annexation.
  • Reannexation of Oregon
  • Annexation of Texas (President Tyler)
  • Willamette Valley
  • Rio Grande, Nueces River, Disputed Territory
The Mormon religion was founded in 1827 by Joseph Smith. Their church is based in Utah and they believe that the Book of Mormon is the supplement for the Bible. The Mormons are characterized by their preference to be set apart from the rest of the community, apparent in their views, which were antebellum in the time the religion was born.
  • Mormons
  • Joseph Smith
  • Brigham Young
  • Oregon Trail
lands gained by force, such as the Mexican cession, are considered imperialistic conquests.
  • Willamette Valley
  • What is Imperialism?
  • Reannexation of Oregon
  • Manifest Destiny
Congress made the Oregon Territory an official territory of the United States inPrior to 1846, the Oregon Territory had been jointly occupied by Great Britain and the United States with its northern boundary the line 54°40'. In a 1846 treaty, the two countries split the territory, dividing it at the 49th parallel.
  • Mexican Cession
  • Texas
  • Oregon Territory
  • Oregon Trail
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty was a treaty negotiated by Lord Ashburton of Great Britain and Daniel Webster of the United States inIt settled a dispute over the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. The treaty was very popular in the North because the United States got more than half of the disputed territory.
  • Battle Of Buena Vista
  • Webster Ashburton Treaty
  • Independent Treasury System, Polk
  • Brigham Young
Senator Benton was an American statesman. He represented Missouri in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. His daughter, Jessie Benton, married adventurer John C. Fremont, and Benton used his influence to have records of Fremont's explorations published as government documents.
  • Senator Thomas Hart Benton
  • General Zachary Taylor
  • Horace Greeley
  • General Winfeild Scott
Taylor was an American major general who became a war hero during the Mexican War. His troops won important victories in northern Mexico at Matamoros, Monterrey, and Buena Vista, and his resulting popularity helped him win the presidential election in 1848.
  • James K. Polk
  • Brigham Young
  • General Zachary Taylor
  • Slidell Mission To Mexico
In 1849, 100,000 Americans, along with immigrants from Europe, Asia and South America rushed to California in search of easy riches. Competition led to violence and greed. As a result of inadequate shelter and food and the lack of medical supplies, 10,000 died the first year and few even benefited from the expedition.
  • Caroline Affair
  • Forty- niners
  • John Sutter
  • Stephen Kearney
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Multiple Choice Questions
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