Multiple Choice Questions

anterior and posterior venae cavae.
  • Blood enters the right atrium from the
  • blood pressure is highest
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • deoxygenated (blue) blood
the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles contract, pumping blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
  • systole
  • aorta
  • diastole
  • cardiac cycle
D; Valves are flaps of tissue that close when the ventricles contract to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and also when the ventricles relax to prevent the backflow of blood from exiting vessels to the ventricles.
  • Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? A Blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated before being pumped to the rest of the body. B The circuits increase the amount of surface area available for the diffusion of gases and nutrients in the body. C Land vertebrates are bigger and require more tubing to reach all areas of the body. D The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.
  • Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true? A As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body. B Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium. C During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract. D Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.
  • Why does the velocity of blood slow greatly as blood flows from arterioles into capillaries? A Because the narrow capillaries offer great resistance to blood flow. B Because capillary beds have a total cross-sectional area much greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arterioles. C Because capillary beds are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues.
  • ____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. A An increase ... a rise B A decrease ... a drop C A decrease ... a rise D An increase ... a drop E Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide, that controls breathing.
from the alveoli to capillaries
  • where does blood move the slowest?
  • when the lungs expand
  • IN THE LUNGS Oxygen diffuses
  • oxygen enters the blood at
where gases are actually exchanged
  • oxygen content of the blood is the greatest at the
  • what are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood?
  • where does blood move the fastest?
  • the alveoli is the location of the respiratory surface
A microscopic blood vessel that penetrates the tissues and consists of a single layer of endothelial cells that allows exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid.
  • double circulation
  • cellular respiration
  • blood pressure
  • capillary
a protein made up of four subunits; one oxygen molecule can bind to each sub unit
  • oxygen enters the blood at
  • oxygen diffuses into a red blood cell and binds to hemoglobin
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • Both arteries and veins are defined by
When four oxygen molecules are bound to hemoglobin's subunits and one subunit releases its oxygen, the other three subunits change shape again. This causes them to release their oxygen more readily.
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • Oxygen binding to hemoglobin:
  • oxygen diffuses from the
  • Oxygen release from hemoglobin:
the pressure produced by the difference in solute concentration across a membrane
  • cellular respiration
  • blood pressure
  • osmotic pressure
  • diffusion
in the capillaries (slow)
  • where does blood move the fastest?
  • where does blood move the slowest?
  • IN THE LUNGS Oxygen diffuses
  • where is the heart beat initiated?
the anterior and posterior vena cava
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • carbon dioxide leaves the blood
  • where is blood pressure the lowest?
  • where is the heart beat initiated?
air pressure in the lungs drops, causing air to flow into the lungs
  • systolic blood pressure
  • osmotic pressure
  • the bronchiole is
  • when the lungs expand
A; Once deprived of oxygen, brain cells begin to die within a few minutes. Because brain cells rarely divide in adulthood, they cannot be quickly replaced.
  • Stroke occurs when _____. A a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue B the pacemaker of the heart becomes defective, producing an irregular heartbeat C a blood clot dislodges from a vein and moves into the lung, where it blocks a pulmonary artery D a blood clot enters and blocks one of the coronary arteries E the walls of an artery in the leg accumulate deposits and lose their flexibility and elasticity
  • Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? A Blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated before being pumped to the rest of the body. B The circuits increase the amount of surface area available for the diffusion of gases and nutrients in the body. C Land vertebrates are bigger and require more tubing to reach all areas of the body. D The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.
  • True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body
  • Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true? A As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body. B Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium. C During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract. D Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.
False; The pulmonary circulation is the lower-pressure circuit to the lung, whereas the systemic circulation is the higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body.
  • Oxygen release from hemoglobin:
  • Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? A Blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated before being pumped to the rest of the body. B The circuits increase the amount of surface area available for the diffusion of gases and nutrients in the body. C Land vertebrates are bigger and require more tubing to reach all areas of the body. D The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.
  • What is the function of a circulatory system? A It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. B It is the site of blood cell production. C It acts as a reservoir for the storage of blood. D It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the outside air.
  • True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body
blood pressure measured in the systematic arterial circulation just prior to ventricular contraction and ejection of blood into the aorta.
  • diastolic blood pressure
  • diastole
  • blood pressure
  • osmotic pressure
blood from flowing backward into the chambers
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • IN THE LUNGS Oxygen diffuses
  • what do valves (flaplike) prevent?
  • where does blood move the slowest?
at the capillaries
  • Blood enters the left atrium via
  • carbon dioxide leaves the blood
  • where do the paths of food and air cross?
  • blood vessel walls are the thinnest
allows each chamber to refill before the next contraction
  • the left atrium receives
  • the relaxation phase
  • when the lungs expand
  • the contraction phase
the body
  • systemic circulation (left atrium) serves
  • where is the heart beat initiated?
  • IN THE LUNGS carbon dioxide diffuses
  • where does blood move the slowest?
that allows net fluid movement out for small tissues
  • what do valves (flaplike) prevent?
  • capillary has cells, surrounded by endothelial layer
  • Both arteries and veins are defined by
  • pulmonary circulation (right atrium) serves
When one molecule of oxygen binds to one of hemoglobin's four subunits, the other subunits change shape slightly, increasing their affinity for oxygen.
  • diastolic blood pressure
  • systolic blood pressure
  • Oxygen binding to hemoglobin:
  • oxygen enters the blood at
produces the pressure required to move blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulations
  • the left ventricle has the
  • the bronchiole is
  • the contraction phase
  • interstitial fluid
D; Water and carbon dioxide combine, in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (found inside red blood cells), to form carbonic acid, which dissociates to hydrogen ion and bicarbonate. The higher concentration of hydrogen ions leads to a drop in pH.
  • True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body
  • Arteries carry blood _____. A away from capillaries B away from the heart and away from the lungs C to the heart and away from the lungs D to the heart only E away from the heart only
  • Stroke occurs when _____. A a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue B the pacemaker of the heart becomes defective, producing an irregular heartbeat C a blood clot dislodges from a vein and moves into the lung, where it blocks a pulmonary artery D a blood clot enters and blocks one of the coronary arteries E the walls of an artery in the leg accumulate deposits and lose their flexibility and elasticity
  • ____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up. A An increase ... a rise B A decrease ... a drop C A decrease ... a rise D An increase ... a drop E Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide, that controls breathing.
blood to the alveolus
  • carbon dioxide diffuses from the
  • the only veins that carry oxygenated blood
  • where do the paths of food and air cross?
  • where is the heart beat initiated?
A; This transport liquid exchanges gases, nutrients, and wastes with the cells in the body.
  • What is the function of the left ventricle? A It receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs. B It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. C It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. D It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.
  • Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? A Blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated before being pumped to the rest of the body. B The circuits increase the amount of surface area available for the diffusion of gases and nutrients in the body. C Land vertebrates are bigger and require more tubing to reach all areas of the body. D The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.
  • What is the function of a circulatory system? A It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. B It is the site of blood cell production. C It acts as a reservoir for the storage of blood. D It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the outside air.
  • Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____. A as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) B combined with hemoglobin C by the trachea D as hydrogen ions (H+) E dissolved in blood plasma
B; The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body.
  • What is the function of a circulatory system? A It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. B It is the site of blood cell production. C It acts as a reservoir for the storage of blood. D It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the outside air.
  • Which of the following best describes an artery? A Arteries contain valves. B Arteries carry oxygenated blood. C Arteries carry blood away from capillaries. D Arteries carry blood away from the heart. E Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.
  • True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body
  • What is the function of the left ventricle? A It receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs. B It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. C It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. D It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.
from the capillaries into the alveoli.
  • IN THE LUNGS Oxygen diffuses
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • blood vessel walls are the thinnest
  • IN THE LUNGS carbon dioxide diffuses
This is a measure of the amount of oxygen present in a tissue
  • partial pressure of oxygen (po7).
  • partial pressure of oxygen (po0).
  • partial pressure of oxygen (PO2).
  • partial pressure of oxygen (po10).
thickest walls of the four chambers
  • where is blood pressure the lowest?
  • the left ventricle has the
  • IN THE LUNGS Oxygen diffuses
  • the only veins that carry oxygenated blood
oxygen-depleted blood through two veins called the inferior and superior venae cavae
  • when the lungs expand
  • the bronchiole is
  • the right atrium receives
  • the relaxation phase
at the aorta
  • where does blood move the slowest?
  • oxygen diffuses from the
  • blood pressure is highest
  • osmotic pressure
one of the two veins that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
  • blood pressure
  • cellular respiration
  • pulmonary vein
  • osmotic pressure
the lungs
  • blood pressure is highest
  • where does blood move the slowest?
  • pulmonary circulation (right atrium) serves
  • partial pressure of oxygen (PO2).
is right atrium section
  • deoxygenated (blue) blood
  • oxygen enters the blood at
  • blood pressure is highest
  • Blood enters the left atrium via
A circulation scheme with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, which ensures vigorous blood flow to all organs.
  • double circulation
  • the bronchiole is
  • cellular respiration
  • capillary
to produce ATP during cellular respiration
  • Blood enters the right atrium from the
  • IN THE LUNGS carbon dioxide diffuses
  • where is the heart beat initiated?
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
B;The thin walls of the capillaries facilitate gas exchange
  • when you inhale, your diaphragm and rib muscles contract _________ the volume of your lungs; when you exhale your muscles relax and _____ the volume of the lungs
  • The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls. A aorta B capillaries C posterior vena cava D pulmonary artery E right ventricle
  • the bronchiole is
  • the left atrium receives
The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
  • diastolic blood pressure
  • cellular respiration
  • vena cava
  • the left ventricle has the
one of the fine tubes that carries inhaled air to the alveoli
  • blood pressure
  • the right atrium receives
  • IN THE LUNGS Oxygen diffuses
  • the bronchiole is
B; Because the cross-sectional area is much greater in capillary beds than in the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system, there is a dramatic decrease in velocity from the arteries to the capillaries. Blood travels 500 times slower in the capillaries (about 0.1 cm/sec) than in the aorta (about 48 cm/sec). Read about blood flow velocity.
  • Why does the velocity of blood slow greatly as blood flows from arterioles into capillaries? A Because the narrow capillaries offer great resistance to blood flow. B Because capillary beds have a total cross-sectional area much greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arterioles. C Because capillary beds are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues.
  • Stroke occurs when _____. A a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue B the pacemaker of the heart becomes defective, producing an irregular heartbeat C a blood clot dislodges from a vein and moves into the lung, where it blocks a pulmonary artery D a blood clot enters and blocks one of the coronary arteries E the walls of an artery in the leg accumulate deposits and lose their flexibility and elasticity
  • Which of the following best describes an artery? A Arteries contain valves. B Arteries carry oxygenated blood. C Arteries carry blood away from capillaries. D Arteries carry blood away from the heart. E Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.
  • Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta? A systole of the left ventricle B diastole of the right atrium C systole of the left atrium D diastole of the left atrium E diastole of the right ventricle
blood pressure measured in the systemic arterial circulation of ventricular contraction and ejection of blood into the aorta
  • systolic blood pressure
  • diastole
  • systole
  • blood pressure
alveoli
  • systemic circulation (left atrium) serves
  • oxygen content of the blood is the greatest at the
  • Most gas exchange with blood vessels occurs across the walls of the
  • blood vessel walls are the thinnest
are pulmonary veins
  • the only veins that carry oxygenated blood
  • the left ventricle has the
  • pulmonary circulation (right atrium) serves
  • carbon dioxide diffuses from the
the pulmonary veins (oxy)
  • the only veins that carry oxygenated blood
  • what are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood?
  • pulmonary circulation (right atrium) serves
  • where does blood move the fastest?
one of the two large veins (inferior & superior) that return oxygen-depleted blood from the tissues of the body to the right atrium
  • vena cava
  • double circulation
  • the contraction phase
  • interstitial fluid
the capillaries of the left and right lung
  • oxygen enters the blood at
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • where does blood move the slowest?
  • Oxygen release from hemoglobin:
is left atrium section
  • oxygenated (red) blood
  • deoxygenated (blue) blood
  • oxygen content of the blood is the greatest at the
  • where is the heart beat initiated?
at the pharynx
  • where is blood pressure the lowest?
  • carbon dioxide leaves the blood
  • what are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood?
  • where do the paths of food and air cross?
oxygenated blood through two veins called the pulmonary veins.
  • the left atrium receives
  • the right atrium receives
  • the bronchiole is
  • interstitial fluid
a thin-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins and pumps it to a neighboring chamber (the ventricle)
  • blood pressure
  • pulmonary vein
  • vena cava
  • atrium (atria)
oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Cells need _____ to obtain energy through cellular respiration, and to get rid of the waste product_____
  • the left atrium receives
  • oxygen content of the blood is the greatest at the
  • where does blood move the fastest?
enters red blood cells, binds to hemoglobin, or is converted to bicarbonate
  • carbon dioxide diffuses from the
  • carbon dioxide transportation options:
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • Blood enters the right atrium from the
The hydrostatic force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel.
  • blood pressure
  • systole
  • systolic blood pressure
  • osmotic pressure
the large artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to branch arteries for distribution throughout the body
  • aorta
  • interstitial fluid
  • diastole
  • systole
the body fluid, called hemolymph, bathes the organs directly as it is pumped between open spaces in the body.
  • oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (O2 saturation).
  • Within an open circulatory system, such as that operating in insects,
  • Both arteries and veins are defined by
  • diastole
The internal environment of vertebrates, consisting of the fluid filling the spaces between cells.
  • interstitial fluid
  • where is blood pressure the lowest?
  • atrium (atria)
  • the contraction phase
This is the percentage of oxygen-binding sites on hemoglobin molecules that are actually bound to oxygen.
  • oxygen is used by a cells mitochindria
  • the contraction phase
  • oxygen content of the blood is the greatest at the
  • oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (O2 saturation).
a sequence of relaxation and contraction consisting of one diastole and one systole from both the atria and ventricles
  • cardiac cycle
  • systole
  • diastole
  • blood pressure
the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the chambers of the heart relax and the ventricles dilate, allowing blood to flow in.
  • aorta
  • diastole
  • systole
  • diffusion
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Multiple Choice Questions
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