Tracking the number and area of colored spots provided a quantitative way to compare the brightness of different populations.
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
  • How did the types of data the researchers collected enable them to test their prediction?
  • What does Dr. Carroll mean when he says, "while mutation is random, natural selection is not"?
  • Which of the following would help strengthen the researchers' conclusion?
proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution
  • Charles Darwin _____.
  • What was the researchers' main hypothesis?
  • Mutations are always __________
  • Why do dark-colored rock pocket mice on dark lava flows have white bellies?
the transplanted population in the killifish pools
  • What was the control group in this study?
  • What was the experimental group in this study?
  • From his observations of organisms in the Galapagos islands, Darwin reasoned that _____.
  • What was the researchers' main hypothesis?
They would experience a higher rate of predation than the native population, and over time they would evolve and resemble the original source population.
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
  • Suppose that after 22 months, guppies from the transplanted population were returned to the source pool. What would most likely happen to those guppies?
  • Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice first appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?They have a genetic mutation that affects their fur color.
  • Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?
No, drug-susceptible cells and drug-resistant cells are equally likely to infect a new host.
  • Does the ability of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell to infect a new host depend on its drug-resistant phenotype?
  • Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?
  • This experiment is an example of hypothesis-based science.What question did the researchers ask?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
-Nearly 100% of monkey flowers growing in copper-contaminated soil are copper tolerant.-If you were to test monkey flowers growing on the shore of the lake, you would expect nearly 100% of them to be copper tolerant.-The population that existed before mining must have included both copper-tolerant and copper-intolerant plants.
  • In the lab, Nachman examined dark mice from two different populations living hundreds of miles apart. The mice looked nearly identical. Their dark color was caused by two different genes. What does this tell you?
  • Some monkey flowers (Mimulus guttatus) living near the sites of copper mines can grow in soil containing high concentrations of copper, which is toxic to most plants. Copper tolerance is a heritable trait.The map below shows the area near an old copper mine, which contaminated the nearby soil with copper. A stream flows past the mine toward the lake at the bottom right of the map.
  • Researchers further hypothesized that if predation pressure is reduced, drab coloration would become less beneficial (since females prefer brightly colored mates). Based on this hypothesis, what prediction did the researchers test in this experiment?
  • In the United States today, about half of the corn crop is genetically engineered with a protein that is toxic to corn borers, an insect pest of corn. Which of the following conditions would be necessary for evolution of resistance to the toxic protein to occur in the corn borer?
There is no selection for dark bellies by visual predators.
  • What conclusion would you draw from the data presented?
  • Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice first appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?They have a genetic mutation that affects their fur color.
  • Why do dark-colored rock pocket mice on dark lava flows have white bellies?
  • What data should you collect in order to test your prediction?
Can predation result in selection for color patterns in guppies?
  • This experiment is an example of hypothesis-based science.What question did the researchers ask?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?
  • What conclusion would you draw from the data presented?
  • Does the ability of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell to infect a new host depend on its drug-resistant phenotype?
If dark-colored rock pocket mice had a competitive advantage of 0.1%, it would take longer for 95% of the population to have dark fur.
  • When dark-colored fur gives mice a 1% competitive advantage and 1% of the population begins with dark fur, in about 1000 years, 95% of the population will have dark fur. Which of the following statements is true?
  • Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice first appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?They have a genetic mutation that affects their fur color.
  • Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
a change in an individual's DNA
  • What conclusion would you draw from the data presented?
  • What was the researchers' main hypothesis?
  • Mutations are always __________
  • What does Dr. Carroll mean when he says, "while mutation is random, natural selection is not"?
-Mutations for advantageous traits are more likely to be passed on to the next generation.-Natural selection acts on traits.-Natural selection favors some mutations.
  • What data should you collect in order to test your prediction?
  • What does Dr. Carroll mean when he says, "while mutation is random, natural selection is not"?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
  • How did the types of data the researchers collected enable them to test their prediction?
Predation results in selection for more drab color patterns in guppies.
  • What was the researchers' main hypothesis?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?
  • What conclusion would you draw from the data presented?
  • What data should you collect in order to test your prediction?
embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resemble each other
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
  • A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that _____.
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?
  • Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?
The drug-resistance trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts are medicated with the antibiotic rifampin.
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?
  • Which of the following would help strengthen the researchers' conclusion?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
  • Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?
if no other characteristics differed significantly between the source and transplanted populations
  • Which of the following would help strengthen the researchers' conclusion?
  • Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
They have a genetic mutation that affects their fur color.
  • Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice first appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?They have a genetic mutation that affects their fur color.
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?
  • Suppose that after 22 months, guppies from the transplanted population were returned to the source pool. What would most likely happen to those guppies?
  • Why do dark-colored rock pocket mice on dark lava flows have white bellies?
The corn borer must have or generate (by mutation) heritable variation in resistance to the toxic protein. The resistant corn borers must survive better or reproduce more than nonresistant corn borers.
  • In the United States today, about half of the corn crop is genetically engineered with a protein that is toxic to corn borers, an insect pest of corn. Which of the following conditions would be necessary for evolution of resistance to the toxic protein to occur in the corn borer?
  • Researchers further hypothesized that if predation pressure is reduced, drab coloration would become less beneficial (since females prefer brightly colored mates). Based on this hypothesis, what prediction did the researchers test in this experiment?
  • Suppose that after 22 months, guppies from the transplanted population were returned to the source pool. What would most likely happen to those guppies?
  • In the lab, Nachman examined dark mice from two different populations living hundreds of miles apart. The mice looked nearly identical. Their dark color was caused by two different genes. What does this tell you?
-Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.-Individuals in a population vary in the traits they possess.-Some trait differences are heritable.-Survival and reproductive success are variable among individuals in a population.
  • Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?
  • Which of the following would help strengthen the researchers' conclusion?
  • Identify the four postulates of natural selection.
  • What was the researchers' main hypothesis?
flipper
  • What data should you collect in order to test your prediction?
  • Which of the following would help strengthen the researchers' conclusion?
  • The wing of a bat is homologous to the _____ of a whale.
  • What conclusion would you draw from the data presented?
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