Multiple Choice Questions

What is the function of the CD8 receptor?
  • Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.
  • Bind to MHC molecules
  • Agglutination and opsonization
  • Fever, runny nose, and headache
According to the animation, for approximately how many days is IgG present in the serum?
  • Day five
  • helper T cells.
  • Ten days
  • TH2 cells
What is the fate of activated cytotoxic T-cells?
  • They proliferate into a clone of cells specific to the same antigen; some of these cells then differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells, while others mature to attack infected cells.
  • They present antigens from engulfed foreign cells.
  • Bind to MHC molecules
  • After proliferation into a clonal population
Mucous membranes are a part of?
  • Bind to MHC molecules
  • helper T cells.
  • innate defense.
  • Granzyme
Understanding the Humoral Immune ResponseThe primary function of the humoral, or antibody-mediated, immune response is to control freely circulating pathogens
  • TH2 cells
  • naturally acquired passive immunity
  • artificially acquired passive immunity
  • Extracellular antigen2. B cell3 Plasma cell4 Antibodies
According to the animation, on what day does IgM first appear?
  • Ten days
  • helper T cells.
  • Day five
  • BCR and TCR
Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe?This type of immunity is acquired when antigens enter the body and an infection occurs. The immune system works to fight the infection via the innate and adaptive immune responses and creates an immunological memory of that particular antigen.
  • artificially acquired passive immunity
  • artificially acquired active immunity
  • naturally acquired passive immunity
  • naturally acquired active immunity
For pathogen below, choose the type of cell that would be used in the adaptive immune response (fungi and extracellular bacteria)
  • IgE
  • TH17
  • T lymphocytes
  • TH2 cells
According to the animation, B cells interact directly with?
  • innate defense.
  • variable region
  • helper T cells.
  • TH1 cells.
Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe?This type of immunity is acquired via injection of antibodies from an individual or host that has immunological memory to the specific pathogen or antigen.
  • naturally acquired active immunity
  • naturally acquired passive immunity
  • artificially acquired passive immunity
  • Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells
Which proteins on the antigen-presenting cell are recognized by the helper T-cell?
  • BCR and TCR
  • Agglutination and opsonization
  • helper T cells.
  • MHC proteins
A person who has AIDS contracts rare and often life-threatening infections because their helper T cell count is so low. Which of the following components of the immune response still respond to antigen despite the low helper T cell count?
  • Clonal selection of B cells
  • CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells
  • Phagocytosis and the complement system
  • Cytotoxic T cells
The cellular immune response can seem a bit more complex than the humoral response because there are more cell types involved and more than one outcome for many of these cell types. Let's focus on the different T cell subtypes and their role in the cell-mediated response
  • IgM, IgGIgG antibodies are found in the serum where they can last up to twenty-three days, longer than any of the other antibody classes.
  • Non-phagocytic body cells can become infected with a virus.
  • 2,1,4,3,5
  • Correct statementsThe cellular immune response is mediated by T cells.T cells, like B cells, are specific for a particular antigen.The recognition of antigens by a T cell requires that an antigen-presenting cell (APC) first process them.T helper cells aid in both the humoral and cellular immune responses.CD4+ T cells are helper cells that bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II class molecules on B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs).CD8+ T cells are T cytotoxic (TC) cells that bind to MHC class I molecules and can differentiate into an effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL).Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can use perforin, a pore-forming protein, to kill self cells that have been altered by infection with a pathogen.Incorrect statements:T helper (TH) cells differentiate primarily into two different subsets, TH1 and TH10.The cell-mediated response functions to target and effectively remove freely circulating pathogens where antibodies can come in contact with them.T cells are classified by their clusters of differentiation (CD), which serve as receptors. The most important CD classes for cell-mediated immunity are CD4 and CD6.
Correctly order the steps involved cellular immunity:1.) The Tc recognizes the infected host cell2.) The Tc interacts with epitope presented by MHC-I on the dendritic cell3.) The Tc secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis4.) The helper T cell activates the Tc cell
  • Ten days
  • Day five
  • 2,1,4,3,5
  • 2,4,1,3
Which of the following antibody functions work to enhance microbe phagocytosis?
  • Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein
  • Agglutination and opsonization
  • Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells
  • T lymphocytes
What are the initial signs and symptoms of fifth disease (Erythema infectiosum)?
  • Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein
  • Fever, runny nose, and headache
  • Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells
  • Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.
Antigen processing and presentation
  • After proliferation into a clonal population
  • Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
  • Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein
  • is a way for a cell to give information about its activities.
Which pair of molecules do NOT directly interact with one another?
  • MHC proteins
  • variable region
  • helper T cells.
  • BCR and TCR
Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe?This type of immunity is acquired when a person is vaccinated for a specific type of infection via the introduction of antigens. These antigens normally have undergone some type of modification and may not confer the same type of long-lasting memory that would occur with unmodified antigens.
  • Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
  • Agglutination and opsonization
  • artificially acquired active immunity
  • naturally acquired passive immunity
Which event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation?
  • Memory B cells
  • CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells
  • Clonal selection of B cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
For pathogen below, choose the type of cell that would be used in the adaptive immune response.
  • Ten days
  • TH17
  • TH1
  • TCR
Place the following steps of phagocytosis in the order that they occur:1) Endosome fuses with lysozome2) Dendritic cell engulfs Rhinovirus3) Epitopes are attached to MHC-II4) Digestion of the Rhinovirus5) MHC-II plus the attached epitope move to the outside of the dendritic cell
  • 2,1,4,3,5
  • naturally acquired passive immunity
  • naturally acquired active immunity
  • TH2 cells
According to the animation, antibodies directly interact with which innate defenses?
  • Agglutination and opsonization
  • Day five
  • Phagocytosis and the complement system
  • Ten days
Which of the following antibody classes play a role in allergic reactions?
  • Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells
  • IgE
  • Agglutination and opsonization
  • T lymphocytes
Natural killer cells are activated by
  • innate defense.
  • Ten days
  • TH1 cells.
  • helper T cells.
The dual nature of the adaptive immune response allows for controlling freely circulating pathogens (humoral) via antibody-mediated mechanisms and controlling intracellular pathogens (cellular) via cell-mediated mechanisms. Refer to the image to correctly answer the following questions regarding the duality of the humoral and cellular responses of the adaptive immune system.
  • Correct statementsThe cellular immune response is mediated by T cells.T cells, like B cells, are specific for a particular antigen.The recognition of antigens by a T cell requires that an antigen-presenting cell (APC) first process them.T helper cells aid in both the humoral and cellular immune responses.CD4+ T cells are helper cells that bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II class molecules on B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs).CD8+ T cells are T cytotoxic (TC) cells that bind to MHC class I molecules and can differentiate into an effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL).Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can use perforin, a pore-forming protein, to kill self cells that have been altered by infection with a pathogen.Incorrect statements:T helper (TH) cells differentiate primarily into two different subsets, TH1 and TH10.The cell-mediated response functions to target and effectively remove freely circulating pathogens where antibodies can come in contact with them.T cells are classified by their clusters of differentiation (CD), which serve as receptors. The most important CD classes for cell-mediated immunity are CD4 and CD6.
  • TH1 cells.
  • artificially acquired active immunity
  • TH cellThe helping function of this cell is activated by two signals: the first signal occurs with the binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a processed antigen, and the second signal is a costimulatory cytokine.Memory cellThis cell is responsible for the enhanced secondary response to an antigen and is produced via clonal selection and differentiation of B cellsB cellThis cell becomes activated when its immunoglobulins bind to its specific epitope, and in order to be activated, it may require assistance via helper cells.AntibodiesThis molecule is made up of protein chains that form a complex with antigens. This complex serves to tag foreign cells and molecules for destruction by phagocytes and complement.Cytotoxic T lymphocyteThis cell is an effector cell that has the ability to recognize and kill target cells that are considered nonself cells.
When do helper T-cells develop into TH1 or TH2 cells?
  • They present antigens from engulfed foreign cells.
  • They proliferate into a clone of cells specific to the same antigen; some of these cells then differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells, while others mature to attack infected cells.
  • Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
  • After proliferation into a clonal population
What is the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?
  • An activated B cell divides into cells that give rise to memory B cells and plasma cells.
  • helper T cells.
  • Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein
  • Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.
Understanding How the Adaptive Immune Response Clears Invading PathogensFor pathogen below, choose the type of cell that would be used in the adaptive immune response.
  • Ten days
  • TH1 cells.
  • TH2 cells
  • Extracellular antigen2. B cell3 Plasma cell4 Antibodies
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Multiple Choice Questions
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