Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
  • anemia
  • Epinephrine decreases peripheral resistance by affecting blood vessel diameter. Epinephrine increases peripheral resistance by causing vasoconstriction.
  • Blood flow is inversely proportional to the change in pressure in the blood vessels.
  • renal mechanismsLong-term control of blood pressure is achieved through direct and indirect renal control mechanisms.
Which of the following hormonal effects is mismatched?
  • veins: resistance vessels
  • Epinephrine decreases peripheral resistance by affecting blood vessel diameter. Epinephrine increases peripheral resistance by causing vasoconstriction.
  • renal mechanismsLong-term control of blood pressure is achieved through direct and indirect renal control mechanisms.
  • Veins have valves; arteries do not.
Large diameter, thick-walled arteries that are close to the heart and act as pressure reservoirs would be __________.
  • hepatic portal vein
  • Myogenic control is an example of extrinsic regulation.
  • elastic arteriesElastic arteries are thick-walled arteries near the heart. These arteries are the largest in diameter. Elastic arteries act as pressure reservoirs; they expand and contract as blood is ejected from the heart.
  • Sinusoid capillaries are the most permeable type of capillary due to large intercellular clefts among their endothelial cells. These capillaries allow large molecules--even blood cells--to pass into the surrounding tissue. Sinusoid capillaries are found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla.
Which of the following would NOT move by diffusion across a capillary endothelium to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid and tissues?
  • kidneys
  • proteins
  • anemia
  • Myogenic control is an example of extrinsic regulation.
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system?
  • Myogenic control is an example of extrinsic regulation.
  • renal mechanismsLong-term control of blood pressure is achieved through direct and indirect renal control mechanisms.
  • Blood flow is inversely proportional to the change in pressure in the blood vessels.
  • proteins
The aorta carries blood __________ the __________ of the heart.
  • away from; left ventricle
  • inferior vena cava
  • veins: resistance vessels
  • False
The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are __________.
  • Myogenic control is an example of extrinsic regulation.
  • Sinusoid capillaries are the most permeable type of capillary due to large intercellular clefts among their endothelial cells. These capillaries allow large molecules--even blood cells--to pass into the surrounding tissue. Sinusoid capillaries are found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla.
  • elastic arteriesElastic arteries are thick-walled arteries near the heart. These arteries are the largest in diameter. Elastic arteries act as pressure reservoirs; they expand and contract as blood is ejected from the heart.
  • renal mechanismsLong-term control of blood pressure is achieved through direct and indirect renal control mechanisms.
Toxic substances absorbed by the digestive system put stress on the liver because all of the blood from the digestive organs is drained by the __________.
  • proteins
  • hepatic portal vein
  • capillaries
  • inferior vena cava
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