start/methionine - AUGstop codon - UAG, UGA, UAAamino acid - ACU, UGC, CAC, AUC, GCA, AAA
  • Ribosomes provide the scaffolding on which tRNAs interact with mRNA during translation of an mRNA sequence to a chain of amino acids. A ribosome has three binding sites, each of which has a distinct function in the tRNA-mRNA interactions.
  • Use the table to sort the following ten codons into one of the three bins, according to whether they code for a start codon, an in-sequence amino acid, or a stop codon.
  • RNA plays important roles in many cellular processes, particularly those associated with protein synthesis: transcription, RNA processing, and translation.Drag the labels to the appropriate bins to identify the step in protein synthesis where each type of RNA first plays a role. If an RNA does not play a role in protein synthesis, drag it to the "not used in protein synthesis" bin.
  • In eukaryotic cells, the processes of protein synthesis occur in different cellular locations.Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to identify where in the cell each process associated with protein synthesis takes place.
It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA.
  • Use the table to sort the following ten codons into one of the three bins, according to whether they code for a start codon, an in-sequence amino acid, or a stop codon.
  • Ribosomes provide the scaffolding on which tRNAs interact with mRNA during translation of an mRNA sequence to a chain of amino acids. A ribosome has three binding sites, each of which has a distinct function in the tRNA-mRNA interactions.
  • What is the function of RNA polymerase?
  • The diagram below shows an mRNA molecule that encodes a protein with 202 amino acids. The start and stop codons are highlighted, and a portion of the nucleotide sequence in the early part of the molecule is shown in detail. At position 35, a single base-pair substitution in the DNA has changed what would have been a uracil (U) in the mRNA to an adenine (A).Based on the genetic code chart above, which of the following would be the result of this single base-pair substitution?
Transcription/RNA processing: snRNA, pre-mRNA, mRNATranslation: rRNA and tRNANot used in protein synthesis: RNA primers
  • After transcription begins, several steps must be completed before the fully processed mRNA is ready to be used as a template for protein synthesis on the ribosomes.Which three statements correctly describe the processing that takes place before a mature mRNA exits the nucleus?
  • RNA plays important roles in many cellular processes, particularly those associated with protein synthesis: transcription, RNA processing, and translation.Drag the labels to the appropriate bins to identify the step in protein synthesis where each type of RNA first plays a role. If an RNA does not play a role in protein synthesis, drag it to the "not used in protein synthesis" bin.
  • The diagram below shows an mRNA molecule that encodes a protein with 202 amino acids. The start and stop codons are highlighted, and a portion of the nucleotide sequence in the early part of the molecule is shown in detail. At position 35, a single base-pair substitution in the DNA has changed what would have been a uracil (U) in the mRNA to an adenine (A).Based on the genetic code chart above, which of the following would be the result of this single base-pair substitution?
  • In eukaryotic cells, the processes of protein synthesis occur in different cellular locations.Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to identify where in the cell each process associated with protein synthesis takes place.
UGAGCC
  • During transcription in eukaryotes, a type of RNA polymerase called RNA polymerase II moves along the template strand of the DNA in the 3'→5' direction. However, for any given gene, either strand of the double-stranded DNA may function as the template strand.For any given gene, what ultimately determines which DNA strand serves as the template strand?
  • During translation, nucleotide base triplets (codons) in mRNA are read in sequence in the 5' → 3' direction along the mRNA. Amino acids are specified by the string of codons. What amino acid sequence does the following mRNA nucleotide sequence specify?5′−AUGGCAAGAAAA−3′Express the sequence of amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations, separated by hyphens (e.g., Met-Ser-Thr-Lys-Gly).
  • After transcription begins, several steps must be completed before the fully processed mRNA is ready to be used as a template for protein synthesis on the ribosomes.Which three statements correctly describe the processing that takes place before a mature mRNA exits the nucleus?
  • Suppose that a portion of double-stranded DNA in the middle of a large gene is being transcribed by an RNA polymerase. As the polymerase moves through the sequence of six bases shown in the diagram below, what is the corresponding sequence of bases in the RNA that is produced?
a. formation of ribosomal subunitsb. attachment of an amino acid to tRNAc. translation of cytoplasmic proteinsd. transcription and RNA processinge. translation of secreted proteins
  • In eukaryotic cells, the processes of protein synthesis occur in different cellular locations.Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to identify where in the cell each process associated with protein synthesis takes place.
  • RNA plays important roles in many cellular processes, particularly those associated with protein synthesis: transcription, RNA processing, and translation.Drag the labels to the appropriate bins to identify the step in protein synthesis where each type of RNA first plays a role. If an RNA does not play a role in protein synthesis, drag it to the "not used in protein synthesis" bin.
  • After transcription begins, several steps must be completed before the fully processed mRNA is ready to be used as a template for protein synthesis on the ribosomes.Which three statements correctly describe the processing that takes place before a mature mRNA exits the nucleus?
  • Use the table to sort the following ten codons into one of the three bins, according to whether they code for a start codon, an in-sequence amino acid, or a stop codon.
Met-Ala-Arg-Lys
  • What amino acid sequence does the following DNA nucleotide sequence specify?3′−TACAGAACGGTA−5′Express the sequence of amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations, separated by hyphens (e.g., Met-Ser-His-Lys-Gly).
  • During transcription in eukaryotes, a type of RNA polymerase called RNA polymerase II moves along the template strand of the DNA in the 3'→5' direction. However, for any given gene, either strand of the double-stranded DNA may function as the template strand.For any given gene, what ultimately determines which DNA strand serves as the template strand?
  • During translation, nucleotide base triplets (codons) in mRNA are read in sequence in the 5' → 3' direction along the mRNA. Amino acids are specified by the string of codons. What amino acid sequence does the following mRNA nucleotide sequence specify?5′−AUGGCAAGAAAA−3′Express the sequence of amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations, separated by hyphens (e.g., Met-Ser-Thr-Lys-Gly).
  • Suppose that a portion of double-stranded DNA in the middle of a large gene is being transcribed by an RNA polymerase. As the polymerase moves through the sequence of six bases shown in the diagram below, what is the corresponding sequence of bases in the RNA that is produced?
- A cap consisting of a modified guanine nucleotide is added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA.- Noncoding sequences called introns are spliced out by molecular complexes called spliceosomes.- A poly-A tail (50-250 adenine nucleotides) is added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA.
  • In eukaryotic cells, the processes of protein synthesis occur in different cellular locations.Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to identify where in the cell each process associated with protein synthesis takes place.
  • During transcription in eukaryotes, a type of RNA polymerase called RNA polymerase II moves along the template strand of the DNA in the 3'→5' direction. However, for any given gene, either strand of the double-stranded DNA may function as the template strand.For any given gene, what ultimately determines which DNA strand serves as the template strand?
  • After transcription begins, several steps must be completed before the fully processed mRNA is ready to be used as a template for protein synthesis on the ribosomes.Which three statements correctly describe the processing that takes place before a mature mRNA exits the nucleus?
  • RNA plays important roles in many cellular processes, particularly those associated with protein synthesis: transcription, RNA processing, and translation.Drag the labels to the appropriate bins to identify the step in protein synthesis where each type of RNA first plays a role. If an RNA does not play a role in protein synthesis, drag it to the "not used in protein synthesis" bin.
a nonsense mutation resulting in early termination of translation
  • During transcription in eukaryotes, a type of RNA polymerase called RNA polymerase II moves along the template strand of the DNA in the 3'→5' direction. However, for any given gene, either strand of the double-stranded DNA may function as the template strand.For any given gene, what ultimately determines which DNA strand serves as the template strand?
  • The diagram below shows an mRNA molecule that encodes a protein with 202 amino acids. The start and stop codons are highlighted, and a portion of the nucleotide sequence in the early part of the molecule is shown in detail. At position 35, a single base-pair substitution in the DNA has changed what would have been a uracil (U) in the mRNA to an adenine (A).Based on the genetic code chart above, which of the following would be the result of this single base-pair substitution?
  • RNA plays important roles in many cellular processes, particularly those associated with protein synthesis: transcription, RNA processing, and translation.Drag the labels to the appropriate bins to identify the step in protein synthesis where each type of RNA first plays a role. If an RNA does not play a role in protein synthesis, drag it to the "not used in protein synthesis" bin.
  • For each protein, identify its targeting pathway: the sequence of cellular locations in which the protein is found from when translation is complete until it reaches its final (functional) destination. (Note that if an organelle is listed in a pathway, the location implied is inside the organelle, not in the membrane that surrounds the organelle.)
Met-Ser-Cys-His
  • In eukaryotic cells, the processes of protein synthesis occur in different cellular locations.Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to identify where in the cell each process associated with protein synthesis takes place.
  • Ribosomes provide the scaffolding on which tRNAs interact with mRNA during translation of an mRNA sequence to a chain of amino acids. A ribosome has three binding sites, each of which has a distinct function in the tRNA-mRNA interactions.
  • During translation, nucleotide base triplets (codons) in mRNA are read in sequence in the 5' → 3' direction along the mRNA. Amino acids are specified by the string of codons. What amino acid sequence does the following mRNA nucleotide sequence specify?5′−AUGGCAAGAAAA−3′Express the sequence of amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations, separated by hyphens (e.g., Met-Ser-Thr-Lys-Gly).
  • What amino acid sequence does the following DNA nucleotide sequence specify?3′−TACAGAACGGTA−5′Express the sequence of amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations, separated by hyphens (e.g., Met-Ser-His-Lys-Gly).
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