Multiple Choice Questions

-Golden age of a cappella style -imitative polyphony -harmony: fuller chords, 3rds and 6ths -carefully controlled dissonance -duple meter
  • Additive meter
  • Jacques Arcadelt (c. 1507-1568)
  • Explain renaissance style
  • Pentatonic scale
-"Fixed Song"-Entire mass based on one melody-Basis of polyphonic compositions of the MIDDLE AGES and RENAISSANCE. -The tune was taken from a Gregorian Chant =it would move very slowly under the more rapid vocal/instrumental lines above it.
  • Heterophonic
  • cantus firmus
  • active chords
  • Additive meter
soloist with piano
  • Accelerando:
  • Duo sonata:
  • Idiophones:
  • Harmonics:
-Secular vocal composition for three to eight voices flourished at Italian courts-short poems: lyric or reflective character-music enhanced poetry-word painting: music depicts emotional words =weeping, sighing, trembling, etc.-instruments double or substitute voices
  • The Italian Madrigal
  • Ordinary of the Mass
  • What was secular renaissance music like in court and city life?
  • Guillaume de Machaut
fugue
  • Listening Guide 8: Arcadelt, Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and sweet swan) (1538)
  • One of the major advancements in the Renaissance was the invention of printing, pioneered by:
  • In a conducting pattern, which is the strongest beat in any meter?
  • The final section of Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is a
Playing in a different key from the key intended.
  • Syncopation
  • Modulation
  • Transposition
  • Tonality
-six-part, a cappella male choir-monophonic opening-homorhythmic and polyphonic textures follow-clear declamation of the text-full, consonant harmony
  • In a conducting pattern, which is the strongest beat in any meter?
  • Explain the new musical style, early 14th-century France, then Italy
  • Pentatonic scale
  • Listening Guide 7: Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria (1567)
"Fall of Roman empire 476 AD"
  • What even marked the unofficial beginning of the Middle ages?
  • Contrabassoon:
  • Martin Luther (1483-1546):
  • What were the centers of power during the middle ages?
-French poet-musicians-court musicians-members of aristocracy and royalty-poems: chivalry, unrequited love, political and war songs, Crusades-Minnesingers: German counterpart
  • The Chanson
  • Troubadours and trouvères
  • Explain renaissance style
  • Decrescendo or diminuendo
-Italian composer, organist, choirmaster-worked at St. Peter's in Rome and Sistine Chapel Choir-mostly sacred compositions; over 100 Masses-pure, a cappella, vocal polyphony
  • What was life like in a cloister?
  • Contrabassoon:
  • Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
  • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525-1594)
Concordant or harmonious combination of tones that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music
  • Syncopation
  • Consonance
  • Tonality
  • Crescendo
tournaments, processionsshawm, sackbut
  • Ordinary of the Mass
  • Brass Instruments (Aerophones):
  • Loud (haut), outdoor instruments
  • Ostinato
common, everyday language
  • Vernacular
  • Consonant
  • Homorhythm
  • Strophic
rapid alternation of two adjacent tones
  • Minstrels
  • offices:
  • Strophic
  • Trill:
-northern French, early renaissance composer-Italian court positions; papal choir in Rome-humanism: expressive harmony, serene melodies-sacred and secular compositions
  • Instruments supported vocal music (middle ages)
  • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525-1594)
  • Two examples of Orangum
  • Josquin des PrezJosquin des PrezJosquin des Prez (c. 1450-1521)
getting faster
  • Accelerando:
  • Ritardando:
  • A tempo:
  • Crescendo
smooth connected melody that moves principally by small intervals
  • disjunct
  • consonant
  • tonal
  • conjunct
Music lacking a strong sense of beat or meter, common in certain non-Western cultures
  • Compound
  • Additive
  • Non-metric
  • Syncopation
-Kyrie-Gloria-Credo-Sanctus-Agnus Dei
  • What was the counter-reformation?
  • What was the "ordinary" part of mass comprised of?
  • Madrigal choir, chamber choir:
  • Loud (haut), outdoor instruments
The ideals of knighthood and the devotion to the Virgin Mary
  • Diatonic
  • What helped to raise the status of women in the middle ages?
  • What was life like in a cloister?
  • Notre Dame School (middle ages)
Trumpet, trombone, french horn, euphonium, tuba
  • Rhythm Section
  • Percussion Section
  • String Section
  • Brass Section
-ca. 1300-1377-Generally considered to be the greatest composer of the ars nova-Prolific, composed in sacred and secular styles
  • Additive meter
  • Triple Meter
  • Guillaume de Machaut
  • Josquin, Ave Maria . . . virgo serena (Hail Mary . . . gentle virgin) (1480s)
very
  • Meno:
  • Molto:
  • Motet
  • Forte (f),
Melody or harmony built from the seven tones of a major or minor scale. It encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones
  • Consonant
  • Chromatic
  • Diatonic
  • Disjunct
Texture in which two or more voices (or parts) elaborate the same melody simultaneously, often the result of improvisation
  • Syncopation
  • Monophonic
  • Disjunct
  • Heterophonic
Repeated music usually with verses.
  • Strophic
  • Syncopation
  • Vernacular
  • Chromatic
The early Christian church and the state
  • Which secular leader in the Middle Ages promoted a strong, centralized government?
  • What even marked the unofficial beginning of the Middle ages?
  • The late Middle Ages encompasses the:
  • What were the centers of power during the middle ages?
two to twelve players, one player per part
  • Chromatic
  • Chamber music:
  • active chords
  • Vernacular
Venice.
  • Reed section: various-sized saxophones, clarinet
  • Anonymous, Sumer is icumen in (Summer is come) (c. 1250)
  • The main European port for cultural exchange of Eastern luxuries was:
  • During the Renaissance, lands new to the Europeans were discovered, including
moderately soft
  • Harmonics:
  • Mezzo piano (mp),
  • Andante
  • Ritardando:
very fast
  • Vivace
  • Grave
  • Allegro
  • Presto
left hand slides along the string
  • Glissando:
  • early chant:
  • Modulation
  • Accelerando:
recorder, pipe, lute, harp, psaltery, hammered dulcimer, rebec, vielle
  • Loud (haut), outdoor instruments
  • Soft (bas ), indoor instruments
  • Madrigal choir, chamber choir:
  • Rhythm section:
-Augustinian monk-excommunicated by Catholic church =Ninety-Five Theses, 1517
  • What were the centers of power during the middle ages?
  • Martin Luther (1483-1546):
  • Instruments supported vocal music (middle ages)
  • Notre Dame School (middle ages)
various-sized saxophones, clarinet
  • Madrigal choir, chamber choir:
  • What was the "ordinary" part of mass comprised of?
  • Reed section: various-sized saxophones, clarinet
  • Brass Section
produced from the instrument itself: bells, rattles, xylophones, cymbals
  • Symphony orchestra:
  • Idiophones:
  • active chords
  • offices:
very loud
  • Fortissimo (ff),
  • Mezzo forte (mf),
  • Pianissimo (pp),
  • Ritardando:
a little
  • Meno:
  • A tempo:
  • Presto
  • Poco:
-four-voice, a cappella madrigal-through-composed 10-line poem-lyrical, conjunct melody-mostly homophonic, consonant, full harmony-emotional words: dissonance, chromaticism, melisma, repetition
  • Listening Guide 8: Arcadelt, Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and sweet swan) (1538)
  • Why is most of the surviving music from the middle ages of a religious or sacred theme?
  • The final section of Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is a
  • Josquin, Ave Maria . . . virgo serena (Hail Mary . . . gentle virgin) (1480s)
Short melodic or rhythmic idea; the smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-harmonic-rhythmic unit
  • Ostinato
  • Syncopation
  • Motive
  • Movement
agree with each other
  • disjunct
  • conjunct
  • tonal
  • consonant
-Protestant revolt -mass in vernacular-hymns sung communally
  • Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
  • Protestant Reformation
  • Martin Luther (1483-1546):
  • tonality
polyphonic vocal genre, secular in the Middle Ages but sacred or devotional thereafter
  • Movement
  • Neumes
  • Motive
  • Motet
growing softer
  • Crescendo
  • Ritardando:
  • Mezzo piano (mp)
  • Decrescendo or diminuendo
-recapture loyalty of people: accessible music-Council of Trent (1545-1563) concerns =embellishments to Gregorian chant =objected to certain instruments in church =use of popular songs in Masses =secular spirit in sacred music =irreverent attitude of church musicians =complex polyphony obscured the text-Council favored pure vocal style =simplicity, clarity =respected integrity of sacred texts =encourage piety
  • What was the "ordinary" part of mass comprised of?
  • What was the counter-reformation?
  • Listening: Hildegard of Bingen: Alleluia
  • What was secular renaissance music like in court and city life?
codified church music
  • Pope Gregory the Great (r. 590-604)
  • What were the centers of power during the middle ages?
  • Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
  • Contrabassoon:
-earliest polyphony, 12th and 13th centuries -second voice added to plainchant
  • Consonance
  • Homorhythm
  • round:
  • Orangum
gongs, xylophone-like instruments, and drums
  • Chamber music:
  • A tempo:
  • Gamelan:
  • Tremolo:
The Americas
  • Listening Guide 7: Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria (1567)
  • Listening Guide 8: Arcadelt, Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and sweet swan) (1538)
  • Which voice in the organum carries the original chant in sustained notes?
  • During the Renaissance, lands new to the Europeans were discovered, including
Patterns of bears that subdivide into smaller, irregular groups; common in certain Eastern European musics
  • Triple meter
  • Additive meter
  • Syncopation
  • Double-stopping:
three-voice, a cappella polyphonic chansonlow range: male voicesslow, syncopated rhythmtext: rondeau by Machaut
  • Listening: Hildegard of Bingen: Alleluia
  • Listening Guide 8: Arcadelt, Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and sweet swan) (1538)
  • Listening Guide 7: Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria (1567)
  • Machaut, Puis qu'en oubli (Since I am forgotten) (mid-14th century)
Broad, very slow
  • Andante
  • Vivace
  • Adagio
  • Largo
Gathering of beats into three beats per measure, with every third beat accented.
  • Triple Meter
  • Consonance
  • Syncopation
  • Crescendo
because of the sponsorship (patronage) of the church.
  • Why is most of the surviving music from the middle ages of a religious or sacred theme?
  • Disjunct
  • Rhythm section:
  • Brass Instruments (Aerophones):
At ease, slow graceful movements.
  • Vivace
  • Allegro
  • Adagio
  • Andante
Distance and relationship between two pitches
  • Conjunct
  • Interval
  • Amplitude
  • Tonality
accompanied singersinstrumental arrangements of vocal worksprominent in dance music: rhythm
  • What helped to raise the status of women in the middle ages?
  • Which secular leader in the Middle Ages promoted a strong, centralized government?
  • Instruments supported vocal music (middle ages)
  • Notre Dame School (middle ages)
seek to be completed or resolved in the rest chord
  • active chords
  • idiophones:
  • chromatic
  • musical timbre:
two violins, viola, cello
  • What was the renaissance?
  • The makeup of a string quartet is:
  • Loud (haut), outdoor instruments
  • Soft (bas ), indoor instruments
Complete, self-contained part within a larger musical work
  • Motet
  • Crescendo
  • Movement
  • Motive
early musical notation signs, square-shaped notes
  • Motet
  • Interval
  • Liturgy
  • Neumes
A deliberate upsetting of the normal pattern of stressed and unstressed beats; A series of accented notes that fall off the beat.
  • Consonance
  • Syncopation
  • Modulation
  • Ostinato
-Reenactment of the Sacrifice of Christ -Most solemn ritual of the Catholic church
  • Non-metric
  • conjunct
  • active chords
  • the mass
playing two separate notes on the violin simultaneously
  • Rhythm section:
  • Chamber music:
  • Transposition
  • Double-stopping:
Down beat
  • Machaut, Puis qu'en oubli (Since I am forgotten) (mid-14th century)
  • Why is most of the surviving music from the middle ages of a religious or sacred theme?
  • In a conducting pattern, which is the strongest beat in any meter?
  • The text of Machaut's chanson Puis qu'en oubli tells of:
Charlemagne
  • Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
  • What were the centers of power during the middle ages?
  • Which secular leader in the Middle Ages promoted a strong, centralized government?
  • Instruments supported vocal music (middle ages)
Based on principles of major-minor tonality, as distinct from modal
  • Chromatic
  • Tonal
  • Consonant
  • Conjunct
Changing from one key to another
  • Modulation
  • Transposition
  • Tonality
  • Syncopation
rapid repetition of a tone
  • Poco:
  • Vernacular
  • Tremolo:
  • Andante
A moderate or medium tempo.
  • Moderato
  • Allegro
  • Andante
  • Adagio
-Léonin (fl. 1150-c. 1201): composer at Cathedral of Notre Dame -compiled Great Book of Organum (Magnus liber organi)-Pérotin (fl. c. 1200): Léonin's successor -expanded organum to three, four, or more voices
  • Two examples of Orangum
  • Protestant Reformation
  • Which secular leader in the Middle Ages promoted a strong, centralized government?
  • What helped to raise the status of women in the middle ages?
-Professional musicians: court and civic festivities-Merchant class: music-making in the home-Women in music =music education: well-bred women =women achieved fame as professional singers-Important genres: chanson and madrigals
  • Anonymous, Sumer is icumen in (Summer is come) (c. 1250)
  • During the Renaissance, lands new to the Europeans were discovered, including
  • Listening Guide 7: Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria (1567)
  • What was secular renaissance music like in court and city life?
soft
  • Meno:
  • Piano (p),
  • Triple Meter
  • Harmonics:
precede major and minor scales
  • modes:
  • Idiophones:
  • Moderato
  • Mute:
-Life devoted to the Catholic church-religious seclusion devoted to prayer, scholarship -available to men and women
  • The late Middle Ages encompasses the:
  • What was life like in a cloister?
  • What were the centers of power during the middle ages?
  • What even marked the unofficial beginning of the Middle ages?
very soft
  • Pianissimo (pp),
  • Pentatonic scale
  • Accelerando:
  • Decrescendo or diminuendo
texture in which two or more parts move with to the same basic rhythm
  • Homorhythm
  • Modulation
  • Heterophonic
  • Consonance
not too much
  • Chromatic
  • Musical Timbre:
  • Glissando:
  • Non troppo:
courtly love.
  • The text of Machaut's chanson Puis qu'en oubli tells of:
  • Reed section: various-sized saxophones, clarinet
  • One of the major advancements in the Renaissance was the invention of printing, pioneered by:
  • Mezzo forte (mf),
-Franco-Flemish composer; early madrigalist-worked in Italy and France-secular compositions: chansons, madrigals-sacred compositions: Masses, motets-simpler, lyrical style
  • Explain renaissance style
  • What was the renaissance?
  • Troubadours and trouvères
  • Jacques Arcadelt (c. 1507-1568)
early polyphony-each voice enters in succession with same melody
  • liturgy
  • round:
  • homorhythm
  • modes:
Western ensemble of strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion
  • Symphony orchestra:
  • Double-stopping:
  • Homorhythm
  • Chamber music:
handed down through oral tradition
  • Andante
  • early chant:
  • Modulation
  • The Chanson
Romanesque period
  • Contrabassoon:
  • The late Middle Ages encompasses the:
  • Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
  • Notre Dame School (middle ages)
Cup-shaped mouthpiece attached to metal tubing
  • What was the "ordinary" part of mass comprised of?
  • Reed section: various-sized saxophones, clarinet
  • Symphony orchestra:
  • Brass Instruments (Aerophones):
Either a repeated melody or rhythm.
  • Syncopation
  • Ostinato
  • Motive
  • Vivace
-six-voice, a cappella round -two voices repeat bass pattern -upper voices: two-voice, then four-voice round-long-short-long-short rhythmic pattern"
  • Anonymous, Sumer is icumen in (Summer is come) (c. 1250)
  • Josquin, Ave Maria . . . virgo serena (Hail Mary . . . gentle virgin) (1480s)
  • Listening Guide 8: Arcadelt, Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and sweet swan) (1538)
  • Listening: Hildegard of Bingen: Alleluia
-probably composed by Pérotin-prayer in praise of the Virgin Mary-three-part polyphony, alternates with monophonic chant-upper two voices melismatic, in rhythmic mode-third voice sustained below
  • Notre Dame School, Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice Mary, virgin) (Early 13th century)
  • Gregorian chant
  • The text of Machaut's chanson Puis qu'en oubli tells of:
  • The main European port for cultural exchange of Eastern luxuries was:
Tone color, sound quality
  • Mezzo piano (mp),
  • Mezzo forte (mf),
  • Modulation
  • Musical Timbre:
moderately loud
  • Musical Timbre:
  • Andante
  • Fortissimo (ff),
  • Mezzo forte (mf),
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Multiple Choice Questions
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