Multiple Choice Questions

The story of the Michigan police officer who ate marijuana-laced brownies and then called 911, is a good illustration of which basic psychopharmacology fact?
  • different routes of administration can produce markedly different drug effects.
  • lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug.
  • that different drug related effects can have different thresholds.
  • behavioral tolerance
If repeated exposure to a drug increases the activity of the CYP450 enzyme that is responsible for metabolizing that drug, then later doses will be less effective than the first few doses. This is an example of ___.
  • drug disposition tolerance
  • bind to the blood proteins.
  • reduced sensitivity of neurons
  • behavioral tolerance
Regardless of the route of administration, psychoactive drugs reach the brain tissue by way of the ___.
  • side effects
  • inhalation
  • marijuana
  • bloodstream
The threshold on a dose-response curve is the ___.
  • toxic doses will typically be larger than therapeutic doses.
  • that different drug related effects can have different thresholds.
  • lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug.
  • all of the above
Most of our drugs originally came either directly or indirectly from ___.
  • plants
  • brand name
  • depressant
  • False
T or F: Because the effects of stimulants and depressants counteract each other, taking the drugs in combination does not produce intoxication.
  • True
  • False
Concussions and cerebral infections can decrease the effectiveness of ___.
  • the blood-brain barrier
  • the therapeutic index is less than 1
  • CYP450 enzymes in the liver
  • bind to the blood proteins.
T or F: For most therapeutic effects, there is a maximum effect, and increasing the dose more just increases the number and type of side effects.
  • True
  • False
Most drugs have three different kinds of names. Which of them belongs to a specific manufacturer?
  • bloodstream
  • brand name
  • marijuana
  • small intestine
There are many different routes by which drugs can be administered. Describe the pros and cons of the oral route versus the intravenous route.
  • intravenous
  • 1) route of administration-influences how fast the drug acts and how long it takes to reach maximum effect2) speed of absorption-influences how fast the drug acts and how long it takes to reach maximum effect3) how the drug is eliminated-influences how long the drug lasts
  • Intravenouspros: short onset of action, can deliver irritating material since blood vessel walls are relatively insensitivecons: vein walls can loose elasticity over time and eventually collapse, can introduce infection into the blood streamOralpros: simple and relatively safercons: absorption from the GI tract is slow and complicated by many factors
  • The placebo effect is an effect that does not depend on the presence of a specific chemical in the system. Double blind procedures and dose effect curves are two ways of demonstrating specific drug effects.
T or F: According to the text, inexperienced drug users should avoid taking a drug via a route that increases the drugs potency.
  • True
  • False
When use of a drug interferes with normal behavior, experienced users may learn to compensate and show less impairment than new users. This is an example of ___.
  • different routes of administration can produce markedly different drug effects.
  • intravenous
  • behavioral tolerance
  • the blood-brain barrier
T or F: Caffeine and cocaine are both considered to be stimulant drugs.
  • True
  • False
Describe three factors that can influence the time course of the behavioral effect of a drug, and show that you understand how each factor influences the time course.
  • Intravenouspros: short onset of action, can deliver irritating material since blood vessel walls are relatively insensitivecons: vein walls can loose elasticity over time and eventually collapse, can introduce infection into the blood streamOralpros: simple and relatively safercons: absorption from the GI tract is slow and complicated by many factors
  • 1) drug disposition tolerance-use of the drug increases a drugs rate of metabolism or excretion, requiring a greater dose to obtain the same result2) behavioral tolerance-individuals learn to adapt to the altered state and compensate for the impairment3) pharmacodynamic tolerance-sensitivity of neurons to a drug changes in an attempt by the brain to maintain its level of functioning within normal limits (homeostasis)
  • The placebo effect is an effect that does not depend on the presence of a specific chemical in the system. Double blind procedures and dose effect curves are two ways of demonstrating specific drug effects.
  • 1) route of administration-influences how fast the drug acts and how long it takes to reach maximum effect2) speed of absorption-influences how fast the drug acts and how long it takes to reach maximum effect3) how the drug is eliminated-influences how long the drug lasts
The most common way for drug molecules to be deactivated is by ___.
  • CYP450 enzymes in the liver
  • reduced sensitivity of neurons
  • the amount required to produce an effect.
  • all of the above
The blood-brain barrier ___.
  • CYP450 enzymes in the liver
  • lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug.
  • the amount required to produce an effect.
  • prevents many drugs from entering the brain
The potency of a drug is defined in terms of ___.
  • the amount required to produce an effect.
  • CYP450 enzymes in the liver
  • all of the above
  • lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug.
The safety margin for a particular drug is based on the idea that ___.
  • the amount required to produce an effect.
  • lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug.
  • toxic doses will typically be larger than therapeutic doses.
  • that different drug related effects can have different thresholds.
The text uses an example of overlapping dose-response curves for slowed reaction time, ataxia (staggering) and coma to illustrate ___.
  • the therapeutic index is less than 1
  • toxic doses will typically be larger than therapeutic doses.
  • lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug.
  • that different drug related effects can have different thresholds.
When neither the person taking the drug nor the person evaluating the effects of the drug knows which people are getting the experimental drug and which people are getting the placebo, this procedure is referred to as a(n) ___.
  • double-blind procedure
  • cocaine
  • altering the electrical potential across the cell membrane
  • drug disposition tolerance
T or F: For many psychoactive drugs, such as nicotine and cocaine, the fastest way to get an effect is by inhaling the drugs vapors.
  • True
  • False
Alcohol has a low tendency, but THC has a high tendency, to ___.
  • bind to the blood proteins.
  • CYP450 enzymes in the liver
  • all of the above
  • the blood-brain barrier
With increasing doses of any useful drug, there is usually an increase in the number and severity of ___.
  • marijuana
  • small intestine
  • placebo effects
  • side effects
T or F: Marijuana and heroin are both considered to be opioid drugs.
  • True
  • False
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Multiple Choice Questions
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