Multiple Choice Questions

How do the rates of land use and gasoline consumption in Australian cities compare with those in U.S. cities?
  • As urban sprawl increases, automobile use also increases.
  • At any level of per capita land consumption, people in U.S. cities use more gasoline than those in Australian cities.
  • as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • As urban density increases, per capita carbon emissions decrease.
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph?Overall life satisfaction increases as a country's wealth increases (as indicated by per capita GDP).
  • index of life satisfaction, according to a numeric scale
  • cannot be determined from the graph
  • not supported
  • area per person, in square meters
What do the orange dots represent?
  • As urban density increases, per capita carbon emissions decrease.
  • percent change in a country's gross domestic product divided by the number of people in that country
  • European cities
  • As urban sprawl increases, automobile use also increases.
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph?Improving the average wealth of people in very poor countries would not improve their overall life satisfaction.
  • not supported
  • cannot be determined from the graph
  • area per person, in square meters
  • index of life satisfaction, according to a numeric scale
The water reuse system on the campus of Georgia Southern University __________.
  • index of life satisfaction, according to a numeric scale
  • cannot be determined from the graph
  • area per person, in square meters
  • conserves water by using treated city wastewater instead of city tap water for irrigation
It has been demonstrated that ectotherms (such as insects and reptiles) in warm climates tolerate higher temperatures than ectotherms in cooler climates. Angilletta hypothesized that urban heat islands could lead to similar differences in heat tolerance between urban and rural populations of leaf-cutter ants. He predicted that ants in urban areas would tolerate heat better than ants in nearby rural areas.Select the two best experimental designs for comparing the thermal tolerance of ants in urban areas to ants in nearby rural areas.
  • 1. more; strongly2. slightly more; weakly3. no change; not4. less; not
  • as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • Measure the heat tolerance of many ants of the same species as a function of the distance they live from a city center.Measure the heat tolerance of many ants of the same species from a city center and from a rural area in the same region.
  • graph 1: urban more than ruralgraph 2: urban slightly more than ruralgraph 3: urban slightly less than ruralgraph 4: urban less than ruralgraph 5: little to no differencegraph 6: flaw
Angilletta chose to measure the heat tolerance of many ants of the same species from several locations in and around São Paulo. Ants were gathered from four urban locations and five rural locations, as indicated in the satellite image below. Sites 1-4 are urban, and sites 5-9 are rural.The ants from the different locations were then placed in a chamber at 42°C. Angilletta recorded the percent of ants moving every minute until all ants stopped moving. (An ant that has stopped moving is dead.) Ants that survive longer at that high temperature have a higher heat tolerance.The following graphs are possible results from Angilletta's experiment. Match each description with the appropriate graph.
  • 1. more; strongly2. slightly more; weakly3. no change; not4. less; not
  • graph 1: urban more than ruralgraph 2: urban slightly more than ruralgraph 3: urban slightly less than ruralgraph 4: urban less than ruralgraph 5: little to no differencegraph 6: flaw
  • in 1950, urban populations is more developed regions and less developed regions were almost equalin 2050, rural populations in less developed regions are projected to drop below 3 billionrural populations are projected to drop in both more developed and less developed regionsin 2050, urban populations in less developed regions are projected to reach 5 billion
  • Measure the heat tolerance of many ants of the same species as a function of the distance they live from a city center.Measure the heat tolerance of many ants of the same species from a city center and from a rural area in the same region.
What information is provided on the y-axis?
  • cannot be determined from the graph
  • not supported
  • index of life satisfaction, according to a numeric scale
  • area per person, in square meters
The results from Angilletta's observational experiment show that urban ant populations have higher heat tolerance than rural ant populations. A reasonable explanation for this difference is that urban ants evolved higher heat tolerance over generations as individuals with lower heat tolerance died and failed to reproduce. In the urban heat island of a city, natural selection favors organisms with higher heat tolerance.Suppose you want to run a manipulative experiment to try to replicate that evolutionary process. You decide to take ants from rural populations and relocate them to several city locations. Then for the next 50 years, you measure the heat tolerance of the transplanted populations every 5 years. You predict that the thermal tolerance of the transplanted populations will increase over time.The following graphs are possible results from your experiment. Drag the blue labels to match each description with the appropriate graph. Drag the pink labels to indicate how well each graph supports the hypothesis that natural selection results in urban ant populations with greater heat tolerance.
  • as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • 1. more; strongly2. slightly more; weakly3. no change; not4. less; not
  • the pollution of streams by oily runoff water from parking lots
  • As urban sprawl increases, automobile use also increases.
The bioenergy garden at Georgia Southern University is used to show plants that can be used __________.
  • conserve energy and water and improve indoor air quality
  • as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • At any level of per capita land consumption, people in U.S. cities use more gasoline than those in Australian cities.
  • As urban density increases, per capita carbon emissions decrease.
In which city do individuals have the highest rate of gasoline consumption?
  • Copenhagen
  • United States
  • Houston
  • 50% decline
You work for the city planning agency in Houston and successfully pass ordinances designed to double population density. Based on the graph, predict the approximate change in carbon emissions.
  • 50% decline
  • Houston
  • Copenhagen
  • United States
Find the dot that represents the country with the greatest increase in per capita GDP. What is the index of life satisfaction for people in that country?
  • 2018
  • per capita GDP decreased by about 0.5%
  • -0.010
  • 7:1
The graph shows the different trends in population growth in less developed regions of the world versus more developed regions of the world. Solid lines in the graph indicate past data, and dashed lines indicate future projections. (Projections of data are based on models, simulations, or extrapolations from past data.)According to the projected data, after what year will the majority of people in less developed regions be living in urban areas?
  • -0.010
  • graph 1: urban more than ruralgraph 2: urban slightly more than ruralgraph 3: urban slightly less than ruralgraph 4: urban less than ruralgraph 5: little to no differencegraph 6: flaw
  • 7:1
  • 2018
One common way to increase the sustainability of a food system is to buy and consume __________.
  • as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • per capita GDP decreased by about 0.5%
  • conserve energy and water and improve indoor air quality
  • foods that are grown locally
Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?
  • As urban density increases, per capita carbon emissions decrease.
  • As urban sprawl increases, automobile use also increases.
  • as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • in 1950, urban populations is more developed regions and less developed regions were almost equalin 2050, rural populations in less developed regions are projected to drop below 3 billionrural populations are projected to drop in both more developed and less developed regionsin 2050, urban populations in less developed regions are projected to reach 5 billion
What environmental problem is being addressed by the use of bio swales, large vegetated ditches or depressions, on the campus of Georgia Southern University?
  • as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • As urban density increases, per capita carbon emissions decrease.
  • per capita GDP decreased by about 0.5%
  • the pollution of streams by oily runoff water from parking lots
In which nation or region do cities have the highest degree of urban sprawl?
  • 50% decline
  • United States
  • Copenhagen
  • Houston
Compare the population densities of the most and least dense cities on the graph. What is the population ratio of the most- to least-dense cities?
  • in 1950, urban populations is more developed regions and less developed regions were almost equalin 2050, rural populations in less developed regions are projected to drop below 3 billionrural populations are projected to drop in both more developed and less developed regionsin 2050, urban populations in less developed regions are projected to reach 5 billion
  • per capita GDP decreased by about 0.5%
  • At any level of per capita land consumption, people in U.S. cities use more gasoline than those in Australian cities.
  • 7:1
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Multiple Choice Questions
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