Multiple Choice Questions

Ions directly regulated by the kidney include all EXCEPT which of the following?
  • renal vein, inferior vena cava
  • glomerular filtration
  • HCO3- Na+ OH-***K+ Ca2+
  • proximal convoluted tubule
The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the
  • efferent arteriole.
  • distal tubule.
  • loop of Henle.
  • loop of Henle
The amount of filtrate entering the proximal tubules of the kidneys each minute is the ________ rate.
  • glomerular surface area and the permeability of the filtration barrier
  • glomerular filtration
  • regulate osmolarity
  • loop of Henle
The ________ carries blood from the kidneys back to the ________.
  • renal arteries, abdominal aorta
  • renal vein, inferior vena cava
  • net filtration would decrease
  • It strongly influences cell volume.
In a normal kidney, which of the following conditions would cause an increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
  • excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion
  • Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
  • a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins in the blood
  • glomerular surface area and the permeability of the filtration barrier
Where does all filtration take place in the kidneys?
  • glomerulus
  • podocytes
  • plasma CO2
  • urethra.
If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases,
  • excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion
  • stretch reflexes trigger vasoconstriction to reduce the flow.
  • reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
  • a "knot" of capillaries that lies within the Bowman's capsule.
Glomerular filtration rate is determined by the net filtration pressure and the filtration coefficient. Which two factors determine the filtration coefficient?
  • glomerular surface area and the permeability of the filtration barrier
  • glomerular filtration
  • Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
  • a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins in the blood
After it is formed, urine is temporarily stored in the
  • urinary bladder
  • glomerulus
  • urethra.
  • filtration
movement from the nephron lumen to the blood
  • secretion
  • urinary bladder
  • reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
  • reabsorption
Urine is produced by the
  • filtration
  • kidney
  • nephron
  • secretion
The primary function of the proximal tubule is
  • renal arteries, abdominal aorta
  • reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
  • reabsorption
  • blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
Which of the following correctly indicates the direction of the different forces causing filtration in the renal corpuscle (of fluid flow into or out of Bowman's capsule from the glomerular capillaries)?
  • glomerular surface area and the permeability of the filtration barrier
  • Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
  • Blood hydrostatic pressure - (out), blood colloid osmotic pressure - (in), hydrostatic fluid pressure of the Bowman's capsule - (in)
  • ions, such as sodium and potassiumblood cells and large particles***nitrogenous waste particles, such as ureawater and small solutes
The force for glomerular filtration is the
  • hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)
  • blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
  • loop of Henle.
  • stretch reflexes trigger vasoconstriction to reduce the flow.
Which substance would be found in higher concentration if the membrane were damaged?
  • protein
  • secretion
  • urethra.
  • urobilinogen
The characteristic yellow color of urine is attributed to the presence of
  • urobilinogen erythrocytes*** potassium glucose
  • urobilinogen
  • loop of Henle.
  • distal tubule.
Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg.
  • 1, 3, 2, 4
  • secretion
  • 25 mm Hg
  • loop of Henle
The kidneys function to produce hormones, excrete wastes, regulate blood pressure, and maintain ion balance. Which of the following is another function of the kidneys?
  • net filtration would decrease
  • glomerular filtration
  • regulate osmolarity
  • loop of Henle
The ________ branch off the ________ and supply blood to the kidneys.
  • It strongly influences cell volume.
  • renal arteries, abdominal aorta
  • efferent arteriole.
  • HCO3- Na+ OH-***K+ Ca2+
Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate?
  • regulation of extracellular fluid volume regulation of blood protein levels***maintenance of ion balance in body fluids regulation of blood osmolarity homeostatic regulation of blood pH
  • It strongly influences cell volume.
  • Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
  • ions, such as sodium and potassiumblood cells and large particles***nitrogenous waste particles, such as ureawater and small solutes
Which unique epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule are involved in filtration?
  • secretion
  • podocytes
  • plasma CO2
  • protein
The hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron is the
  • loop of Henle
  • loop of Henle.
  • urobilinogen
  • distal tubule.
Urine is carried to the external environment by the
  • the ureters.
  • urethra.
  • nephron
  • glomerulus
An obstruction in a glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the
  • renal arteries, abdominal aorta
  • efferent arteriole.
  • distal tubule.
  • glomerular filtration
Which equation correctly describes the relationship between excretion, filtration, reabsorption, and secretion?
  • excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion
  • secretion
  • Inulin is neither secreted nor reabsorbed.
  • sympathetic neurons, alpha, vasoconstriction
Functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.
  • regulation of extracellular fluid volume regulation of blood protein levels***maintenance of ion balance in body fluids regulation of blood osmolarity homeostatic regulation of blood pH
  • regulate osmolarity
  • Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
  • excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion
In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are
  • glomerulus
  • urobilinogen
  • urethra.
  • not filtered
Contents in the peritubular capillaries are actively transported into proximal and distal convoluted tubules in a process known as:
  • secretion
  • protein
  • filtration
  • reabsorption
movement from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron lumen
  • urobilinogen
  • secretion
  • reabsorption
  • protein
The segment of the nephron between the proximal and distal tubules that loops down into the medulla of the kidney and returns back to the cortex is called the ________.
  • loop of Henle
  • regulate osmolarity
  • less than 1%
  • glomerular filtration
The functional unit of the kidney is the ________.
  • urethra.
  • filtration
  • nephron
  • secretion
If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease?
  • renal vein, inferior vena cava
  • secretion
  • sympathetic neurons, alpha, vasoconstriction
  • net filtration would decrease
Why is inulin administration an effective way of measuring renal clearance rates?
  • Inulin is neither secreted nor reabsorbed.
  • It strongly influences cell volume.
  • hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)
  • renal vein, inferior vena cava
What causes the internal urethral sphincter to open?
  • blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
  • excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion
  • Increasing urine pressure due to contraction of the full bladder
  • a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins in the blood
movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen
  • filtration
  • urethra.
  • secretion
  • nephron
What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration?
  • Inulin is neither secreted nor reabsorbed.
  • hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)
  • blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
  • excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion
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Multiple Choice Questions
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