Q.1
Which of the following is a way that coniferous trees are adapted to the conditions of winters?
  • Thick bark to protect themselves against the cold
  • Pine cones to protect the seeds during the winter
  • Broad leaves to absorb the maximum amount of sunlight
  • Dense forests to create warmth during the winter
Q.2
Mediterranean forests include a special type of vegetative ecosystem known as Mediterranean scrublands. Whilst these are normally not large enough to be considered true forests they do include small oaks and pines. What is one of the main threats facing Mediterranean scrubland?
  • Overgrazing by sheep and goats
  • Forest fires
  • Drought
  • Flooding
Q.3
What is a pioneer species?
  • The first species to colonize a previously disturbed or disrupted ecosystem, beginning the chain of succession
  • The final species to finish off a chain of succession
  • A species that takes root on a beach or coastline
  • The species that carries on after an emergent species has taken hold after a fire or other clearance
Q.4
If a forest contains spruces, hemlock, pines and fir trees what type of forest is it?
  • Coniferous
  • Mixed
  • Broadleaf
  • Deciduous
Q.5
What type of tree dominates in coniferous forests?
  • Conifers
  • Broadleaf
  • Deciduous
  • Oak
Q.6
Why are coniferous forests described as being evergreen?
  • The bark and branches are green so once they lose their leaves they still seem to be green
  • Their leaves don't go through a brown phase each autumn but stay green until they fall off each winter
  • Their small needle-like leaves are resistant to cold winters and so don’t need to be shed each winter
  • They are traditionally brought inside as a Christmas tree so stay green all year round
Q.7
Broadleaf trees have large leaves that have adapted to absorb the maximum amount of sunlight possible. This large size means that they are vulnerable to winter winds and freezing conditions. Some broadleaf trees lose their leaves in the winter. What is this type of forest known as?
  • Coniferous
  • Deciduous
  • Adaptive
  • Successional
Q.8
In terms of forest management, what is coppicing?
  • Allowing trees to grow wild to form wildlife zones
  • Young trees are cut down nearly to ground level to allow multiple shoots to regrow in subsequent years
  • Growing single trees and removing the branches to form tall straight trunks
  • Logging single trees from within the forest to allow better growth of other trees. Removal often occurs using horses to minimize damage to trees surrounding the trees that are removed
Q.9
Plant or ecological succession is the process from exposed ground through to a final established forest. In terms of succession what stage follows a mature forest?
  • Emergent forest or community
  • Defined forest or community
  • Climax forest or community
  • Successional forest or community
Q.10
Why are mosses predominantly found on the forest floor and tree branches of temperate forests?
  • The strong levels of light allow the mosses to grow
  • Mosses feed on the sap of trees and need cold dry conditions
  • Mosses have a parasitic relationship with trees
  • The low light conditions and damp atmosphere mean there is little else to compete with the mosses
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