Approximately this much of the cost of product development and manufacture is determined at the design stage:
This allows the designer to conceptualize objects more easily without having to make costly illustrations, models, or prototypes:
Computer-aided manufacturing typically involves all phases of manufacturing.
Concurrent engineering involves all disciplines in the early design stages.
This is a solid shape that fits inside the mold and forms a hole in a cooled cast metal or molten plastic object:
This allows the performance of structures to be analyzed and tested efficiently, accurately, and quickly:
Direct shell production casting is used in directly creating molds for metal casting.
Solid ground curing systems are the most common rapid prototyping systems.
Selective laser sintering apparatus uses laser-hardened resins to form models.
Rapid prototyping costs about the same, but takes less time than traditional prototyping.
This type of rapid prototyping system uses a laser to fuse powdered metals, plastics, or ceramics:
In the design process for a product, it is not necessary that the designer know the functions and performance expected of that product.
Topographic shell fabrication is typically used to mold rapid prototypes of small-scale parts.
This process recognizes the inherent interrelationships between design and manufacturing:
Recycling or proper disposal of a product has become increasingly important to the design process.
Manufacturing generally does not add value.
Manufacturing may produce these types of products:
Tests of prototypes should simulate the conditions under which the product is to be used.
In net-shape manufacturing, the part is made as close to the final specifications as possible to cut down on the cost of finishing operations.
Using computer-aided engineering, designs can be optimized and modified.
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